{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:36:57Z","timestamp":1787773017833,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the characteristics and correlates of open globe injuries secondary to projectile injury and outcomes following surgical open globe repair at an urban tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records of all patients with a history of open globe injury secondary to projectile injury and surgical open globe at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 were reviewed. Demographics, type of trauma, wound extent, presence of foreign body, and presenting clinical findings are reported. Outcomes for patients with greater than 6 months of follow-up included additional surgeries, final visual acuity, and clinical findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 214 patients who underwent open globe repair, 73 (34.1%) were due to projectile impact. Mean age was 37.9 years and patients were primarily male (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 66,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Most injuries resulted in globe laceration (68.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and wound extent was zone 1 (45.2%), zone 2 (20.5%), zone 3 (27.4%), or unknown (6.8%). Associated findings included foreign body (35.6%) and orbital fracture (15%). Of 41 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, 70% had additional surgeries following their initial surgical repair. Laceration injuries tended to be more anterior (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) with better visual outcomes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045) than those with globe rupture, and concomitant orbital fracture associated with poor visual outcomes. Overall, 58.5% of patients had 20\/40 or better final best-corrected visual acuity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the largest report of open globe injury due to projectile impact. Visual prognosis in this population is very good, with most patients achieving better than 20\/40 vision in our study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_797_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T08:01:36Z","timestamp":1645776096000},"page":"860-864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Open globe injuries from projectile impact: Initial presentation and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Angelica C","family":"Scanzera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannek I","family":"Leiderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria S","family":"Cortina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen S","family":"Shorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.5778","article-title":"Epidemiology of eye-related emergency department visits","volume":"134","author":"Channa","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(04)96122-0","article-title":"The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system (BETT)","volume":"27","author":"Kuhn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182979e0b","article-title":"Nail gun-induced open-globe injuries:A 10-year retrospective review","volume":"34","author":"Kolomeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"key":"B4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.5823","article-title":"Characteristics of open globe injuries in the United States from 2006 to 2014","volume":"138","author":"Mir","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000173624.37438.D6","article-title":"Gender differences in etiology and outcome of open globe injuries","volume":"59","author":"Koo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"B6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.86314","article-title":"Prognostic factors for vision outcome after surgical repair of open globe injuries","volume":"59","author":"Agrawal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"B7-20240828","first-page":"943","article-title":"Prognostic factors after repair of open globe injuries","volume":"69","author":"Al-Mezaine","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"B8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.034","article-title":"Geriatric traumatic open globe injuries","volume":"118","author":"Andreoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.035","article-title":"The epidemiology of open globe injuries presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia","volume":"48","author":"Beshay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"B10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.008","article-title":"Vision survival after open globe injury predicted by classification and regression tree analysis","volume":"115","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"B11-20240828","first-page":"44","article-title":"The ocular trauma score","volume":"28","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"B12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71132-8","article-title":"A system for classifying mechanical injuries of the eye (globe). 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