{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:21:12Z","timestamp":1787761272921,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition with potentially severe complications. Treatment requires interdisciplinary care and early introduction of antimicrobial therapy. In our tertiary center, a team of pediatricians, pediatric ophthalmologists, and otorhinolaryngologists successfully participated in the management of pediatric periorbital\/orbital cellulitis. This study aimed to demonstrate our interdisciplinary approach and to investigate clinical profile and management of pediatric periorbital\/orbital cellulitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was performed of all pediatric patients hospitalized for periorbital and orbital cellulitis in a tertiary hospital center from September 15, 2016, to March 15, 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 26 children\u2014median age 2.7 years (range 0.5\u201312)\u2014were treated during the study period. Disease presentation was unilateral, mainly during winter (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) and autumn (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12), without ophthalmoplegia\/proptosis. Seven patients had orbital cellulitis (Chandler classification of \u2265III) and were older (6.5 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011) with sinusitis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), required surgery (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), underwent longer antimicrobial treatment (13 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and had a longer length of hospital stay (13.43 days,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Orbital cellulitis occurred in a median of three days (range 1\u201312) of acute rhinosinusitis. Radiological survey was performed in 11 patients, whereas six patients were treated surgically. All intraoperatively collected cultures (sinus swabs) were positive, whereas\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were isolated in five cases. All patients fully recovered. No recurrence was documented.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sinusitis is associated with severe orbital cellulitis and surgical management. Orbital cellulitis occurred early in the course of acute rhinosinusitis, as a distinctive presentation of rhinosinusitis. Interdisciplinary care and early management are crucial in treatment of pediatric periorbital\/orbital cellulitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_798_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T09:14:27Z","timestamp":1672910067000},"page":"242-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Interdisciplinary care in orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis in children"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Tena","family":"Trbojevi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Penezi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Sita\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko Velimir","family":"Grgi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja Malenica","family":"Ravli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva Mihatov","family":"\u0160tefanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2011.12.002","article-title":"Management of periorbital and orbital cellulitis","volume":"22","author":"Buchanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.92114","article-title":"The hot orbit:Orbital cellulitis","volume":"19","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J 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