{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:53:29Z","timestamp":1791212009655,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the clinical features, management, and short-term outcomes of acute ocular thermochemical injuries caused by carbide gun explosions, and to evaluate the role of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 20 eyes from 18 patients presenting to a tertiary eye care center in India with acute thermochemical burns caused by carbide guns during Diwali. All patients underwent immediate ocular irrigation, detailed ophthalmic evaluation, and injury grading using Dua\u2019s classification. Following assessment of clinical parameters\u2014including visual acuity, corneal epithelial defect, corneal haze, limbal and conjunctival involvement, intraocular pressure, and pain scores\u2014all eyes received standardized medical therapy followed by overlay AMT. Outcomes were analyzed descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age was 20.25 \u00b1 10.58 years; all patients were male. Most injuries were unilateral and associated with direct carbide gun use. The median presenting injury grade was Dua\u2019s grade III. Mean presenting visual acuity was logMAR 1.77 \u00b1 0.65, improving to logMAR 0.77 \u00b1 0.62 at three months. Complete epithelialization was achieved in all eyes, with a mean healing time of 22.52 \u00b1 22.4 days. Pain scores significantly improved from a mean of 6.05 to 1.16. Repeat AMT was required in 21% of eyes. Cicatricial complications were infrequent, and no case developed secondary glaucoma. One eye with delayed presentation progressed to phthisis bulbi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early aggressive management with AMT yields favorable short-term outcomes in carbide gun\u2013related ocular thermochemical injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_809_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:00:14Z","timestamp":1790953214000},"page":"S449-S455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes of early amniotic membrane transplantation in acute ocular thermochemical injuries caused by carbide guns in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Aafreen","family":"Bari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purnamita","family":"Saras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 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