{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:20:44Z","timestamp":1787761244436,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Current corneal assessment technologies make the process of corneal evaluation extremely fast and simple and several devices and technologies allow to explore and to manage patients. The purpose of this special issue is to present and also to update in the evaluation of cornea and ocular surface and this second part, reviews a description of the corneal topography and tomography techniques, providing updated information of the clinical recommendations of these techniques in eye care practice. Placido-based topographers started an exciting anterior corneal surface analysis that allows the development of current corneal tomographers that provide a full three-dimensional reconstruction of the cornea including elevation, curvature, and pachymetry data of anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Although, there is not an accepted reference standard technology for corneal topography description and it is not possible to determine which device produces the most accurate topographic measurements, placido-based topographers are a valuable technology to be used in primary eye care and corneal tomograhers expanding the possibilities to explore cornea and anterior eye facilitating diagnosis and follow-up in several situations, raising patient follow-up, and improving the knowledge regarding to the corneal anatomy. Main disadvantages of placido-based topographers include the absence of information about the posterior corneal surface and limited corneal surface coverage without data from the para-central and\/or peripheral corneal surface. However, corneal tomographers show repeatable anterior and posterior corneal surfaces measurements, providing full corneal thickness data improving cornea, and anterior surface assessment. However, differences between devices suggest that they are not interchangeable in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_850_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T12:10:32Z","timestamp":1644840632000},"page":"360-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Cornea and anterior eye assessment with placido-disc keratoscopy, slit scanning evaluation topography and scheimpflug imaging tomography"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Raul","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica, At\u00f3mica y \u00d3ptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiolog\u00eda Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"IOBA Eye Institute, School of Optometry, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, PL6 8BH Plymouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.05.001","article-title":"Corneal assessment technologies: Current status","volume":"59","author":"Rio-Cristobal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328354adf0","article-title":"Topography-guided laser refractive surgery","volume":"23","author":"Pasquali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1017\/S000708740000248X","article-title":"The true inventors of the keratoscope and photo-keratoscope","volume":"2","author":"Levine","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Hist Sci"},{"key":"R4-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-199403430-00018","article-title":"Corneal topography: History, technique, and clinical uses","volume":"34","author":"Brody","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"R5-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-199708000-00003","article-title":"Corneal topography","volume":"8","author":"Seitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.10.012","article-title":"Contribution of the ocular surface to visual optics","volume":"78","author":"Courville","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"R7-20251013","first-page":"1426","article-title":"Computer-assisted corneal topography. 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