{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:49:51Z","timestamp":1792154991711,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate epithelial remodeling after topo-guided LASIK using a novel Epithelial Uniformity Index (EUI) and to assess whether topical cyclosporine improves postoperative epithelial uniformity compared to standard care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In this retrospective comparative study, we analyzed 122 eyes of 62 patients undergoing topo-guided LASIK, divided into cyclosporine (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 60) and non-cyclosporine (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 62) groups. Epithelial thickness was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography across four corneal zones (central, inner, middle, outer) preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months. The EUI was calculated as 1 minus standard deviation\/mean across 25-point thickness maps; higher EUI indicates greater uniformity. Visual acuity, corneal aberrations, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both groups showed significant epithelial thickening in the central and inner zones, increasing from ~54 \u03bcm at baseline to ~59 \u03bcm at 6 months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The middle zone also thickened by 6 months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), while the outer zone thinned at 1 month before recovering. No significant intergroup differences were observed (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.18). EUI declined significantly at 1 month (inner: 0.98 to 0.96; overall: 0.96 to 0.92;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) and showed only partial recovery by 6 months, remaining lower than baseline (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), with no significant differences between groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.1). Higher baseline refractive error correlated with greater EUI reduction (r = 0.58,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Lower EUI weakly correlated with worse uncorrected visual acuity and increased coma (both\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Topo-guided LASIK induces central\/paracentral epithelial thickening with reduced uniformity. The EUI is a useful tool to quantify remodeling. Cyclosporine did not significantly enhance epithelial uniformity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_852_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:01:12Z","timestamp":1792152072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epithelial uniformity pattern post topo-guided LASIK \u2013 Role of cyclosporine versus standard of care"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Tanvi Suhas","family":"Haldipurkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smitha S","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhas","family":"Haldipurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devendra","family":"Venkatramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabyasachi","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Laxmi Eye Hospital and Institute, Panvel, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Vitreoretina, Future Vision Eye Care, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_852_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:01:13Z","timestamp":1792152073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_852_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_852_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}