{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:06:51Z","timestamp":1792530411416,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare choroidal thickness in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, cross-sectional study, forty eyes of 40 patients with FM and 40 eyes of 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. FM was diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. The choroidal thickness measurements of the subjects were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue-100, Optovue). Widespread pain index (WPI), symptom severity scale (SSS), and fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) scores were recorded. The choroidal thickness measurements of the groups were compared, and correlations among the WPI, SSS, and FIQ scores and these measurements were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Choroidal thicknesses at 1500 \u03bcm nasally were 198.5 \u00b1 46.7 \u03bcm and 306.3 \u00b1 85.4 \u03bcm; at 1000 \u03bcm nasally were 211.7 \u00b1 50.2 \u03bcm and 310.05 \u00b1 87.26 \u03bcm; at 500 \u03bcm nasally were 216 \u00b1 55.05 \u03bcm and 311.5 \u00b1 83.4 \u03bcm; at subfoveal region were 230.9 \u00b1 58.4 \u03bcm and 332.4 \u00b1 91.3 \u03bcm; at 500 \u03bcm temporally 227.5 \u00b1 58.1 \u03bcm and 318.15 \u00b1 92.3 \u03bcm; at 1000 \u03bcm temporally 224.5 \u00b1 57.07 \u03bcm and 315.1 \u00b1 84.2 \u03bcm; at 1500 \u03bcm temporally 212.5 \u00b1 56.08 \u03bcm and 312.9 \u00b1 87.8 \u03bcm in the FM and control groups, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Choroidal thicknesses were thinner at all measurement location, except temporal 1000 and 1500 in patients with FIQ score \u226550 than in FIQ score &lt;50.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study demonstrated that choroidal thickness decreases in patients with FM and correlated with disease activity. This choroidal changes might be related with the alterations in autonomic nervous system functioning. Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiopathologic relationship between choroidal thickness and FM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_877_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T12:10:32Z","timestamp":1644840632000},"page":"428-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Choroidal thickness in patients with fibromyalgia and correlation with disease severity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Mahmut Oguz","family":"Ulusoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Ba\u015fkent University, Konya Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Kal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Ba\u015fkent University, Konya Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selen","family":"I\u015fik-Ulusoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ba\u015fkent University, Konya Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6znur","family":"Kal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ba\u015fkent University, Konya Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee","volume":"33","author":"Wolfe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R2-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176","article-title":"Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II","volume":"58","author":"Lawrence","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R3-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity","volume":"62","author":"Wolfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"R4-20251013","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Mease","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R5-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.09.008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of fibromyalgia","volume":"122","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R6-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2614","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow alterations in pain-processing regions of patients with fibromyalgia using perfusion MR imaging","volume":"32","author":"Foerster","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"R7-20251013","first-page":"84","article-title":"Evaluation of aortic elastic properties in patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"35","author":"Ozcan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"R8-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318251a3a8","article-title":"Choroidal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"32","author":"Regatieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R9-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(01)00004-0","article-title":"The blood supply of the optic nerve head and the evaluation of it-myth and reality","volume":"20","author":"Hayreh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R10-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.12.001","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography: Imaging of the choroid and beyond","volume":"58","author":"Mrejen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000675","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in systemic arterial hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Akay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.10.004","article-title":"Autonomic control of the eye and the iris","volume":"165","author":"Neuhuber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"R13-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1988.75","article-title":"Retinal circulation responses to systemic autonomic nerve stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Lanigan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R14-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The multifunctional choroid","volume":"29","author":"Nickla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R15-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.002","article-title":"Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements across three spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems","volume":"119","author":"Branchini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R16-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-150627","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of fibromyalgia survey diagnostic criteria and symptom severity scale","volume":"29","author":"Yanmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"R17-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1546-8","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire","volume":"30","author":"Ediz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R18-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s002960000077","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire","volume":"20","author":"Sarmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"R19-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8782","article-title":"Diurnal variation of choroidal thickness in normal, healthy subjects measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R20-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.048","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness: The Beijing eye study","volume":"120","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R21-20251013","first-page":"157","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: Knowns, unknowns, and current treatment","volume":"68","author":"Solitar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"R22-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"III75","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.17.4_Suppl.III75","article-title":"Sympathetic drive and vascular damage in hypertension and atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Pauletto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"R23-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1599-8","article-title":"Assessment of endothelial function in patients with fibromyalgia \u2013 Cardiac ultrasound study","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"R24-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.898310","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with chronic heart failure analyzed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"39","author":"Altinkaynak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R25-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175691","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175691","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R26-20251013","first-page":"154","article-title":"Diurnal hormone variation in fibromyalgia syndrome: A comparison with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"McCain","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"R27-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001198","article-title":"Is there a role of acth \u0131n \u0131ncreased choro\u0131dal th\u0131ckness \u0131n cush\u0131ng syndrome?","volume":"37","author":"Karaca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R28-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000134","article-title":"Polysomnography with quantitative EEG in patients with and without fibromyalgia","volume":"32","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"R29-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12384","article-title":"Evaluation of the macular choroidal thickness using spectral optical coherence tomography in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Bayhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R30-20251013","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Evaluation of choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A comparative study","volume":"7","author":"Karalezli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199811)41:11<1966::AID-ART11>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Circadian studies of autonomic nervous balance in patients with fibromyalgia: A heart rate variability analysis","volume":"41","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Lav\u00edn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"R32-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1667","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.6.R1667","article-title":"Hypercapnia-induced cerebral and ocular vasodilation is not altered by glibenclamide in humans","volume":"278","author":"Bayerle-Eder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"R33-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-9-71","article-title":"The comparative burden of mild, moderate and severe fibromyalgia: Results from a cross-sectional survey in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Schaefer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"R34-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305331","article-title":"Comparison of choroidal thicknesses using swept source and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in diseased and normal eyes","volume":"99","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223307-201866030-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:30:17Z","timestamp":1787758217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223307-201866030-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_877_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-09-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}