{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:53:40Z","timestamp":1793753620797,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the utility of pre-defined imaging biomarkers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in determining visual and anatomical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, non-randomized, and interventional study, 17 patients with treatment-naive DME were included. OCT biomarkers [size\/reflectivity of cysts, disorganization of retinal inner layers, integrity of ellipsoid zone or external limiting membrane, subfoveal serous retinal detachment, hyper-reflective foci (HRF)] and OCTA [vascular density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and total micro-aneurysms in superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus (DCP)] were analyzed at baseline and after three monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Response was defined as a decrease of 10% or more in central macular thickness from the baseline after three injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      13\/17 (76.47%) patients were categorized as responders to anti-VEGF therapy. Non-responders had significantly greater hyper-reflectivity of cysts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015), larger cystic spaces (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023), and an increased number of HRF (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04) at baseline. On OCTA, non-responders showed larger FAZ in DCP (1.35 \u00b1 0.21 versus 1.14 \u00b1 0.28 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042) and lower VD (61.17 \u00b1 0.45 versus 62.73 \u00b1 3.32) in DCP at baseline. At 3 months, the VD increased in responders (63.10 \u00b1 3.42) compared to a decrease in non-responders (60.82 \u00b1 1.13) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-responders show a higher number of micro-aneurysms, larger FAZ, and lower VD in the DCP on OCTA and higher cyst hyper-reflectivity and HRF and larger cystic spaces on OCT imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_893_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T01:02:42Z","timestamp":1703206962000},"page":"S16-S21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Predicting visual outcomes following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular edema"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Vipin","family":"Rana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE)"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maastricht Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay Kumar","family":"Bhadada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirbhai","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260508","first-page":"874","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"R2-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.024","article-title":"Diabetic macular edema: Pathophysiology and novel therapeutic 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