{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:31:09Z","timestamp":1787772669759,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to study the positivity of the Weil\u2013Felix test (WFT) in epidemic retinitis (ER) during the course of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective, observational case series of patients diagnosed with ER and presented to a tertiary eye care hospital in south India. Patients with positive WFT at the presentation, and who underwent a follow-up WFT during or after the resolution of ER were studied from September 2019 to March 2022. Patient\u2019s demographics, timings of clinical presentation and resolution, and investigation details with a special focus on WFT positivity and its duration were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen patients were studied. Patients presented after 5 weeks of the fever (range: 2-12 weeks, median: 4). After 1-2 months, WFT was still positive in eight patients (50%). Only in one patient titers increased after 1 month, while in others, the titers decreased (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11) or remained the same (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4). Repeated tests in those patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6) after 3-4 months turned negative. Resolution of ER was seen at 1.35 months (range: 1-3 months) after the presentation. The mean duration for WFT to turn negative was 2 months from the presentation (range: 1-4 months) or 3.2 months of the fever (range: 1.5-6 months).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In contrast to the reported physician\u2019s observation of increasing titers of WFT after rickettsial fever, ophthalmologists may observe decreasing WFT titers in ER. The clinical resolution of ER may precede the normalization of WFT. Follow-up WFT titers should be studied in larger series in confirmed cases of rickettsial-ER to validate the affordable and readily available WFT in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_902_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T09:14:27Z","timestamp":1672910067000},"page":"162-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monitoring Weil\u2013Felix test in epidemic retinitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Ankush","family":"Kawali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Sanjay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmamalini","family":"Mahendradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhujang","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Ophthalmology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1421670","article-title":"Epidemic retinitis","volume":"27","author":"Kawali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515841420979111","DOI":"10.1177\/2515841420979111","article-title":"Clinical features, optical coherence tomography findings and treatment outcomes of post fever retinitis","volume":"18","author":"Sundar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4055","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01978-9","article-title":"Clinical profile and response to steroids in post-fever retinitis:A nine-year experience from a referral institute in the rural hinterland of Central India","volume":"41","author":"Shenoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1327_20","article-title":"Epidemic retinitis and community outbreaks","volume":"68","author":"Kawali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_420_18","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of Rickettsia conorii in South India","volume":"66","author":"Balasundaram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-015-0066-8","article-title":"Rickettsial retinitis an Indian perspective","volume":"5","author":"Kawali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.119817","article-title":"Rickettsiosis:A cause of acute febrile illness and value of Weil-Felix test","volume":"57","author":"Ajantha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R8-20240828","first-page":"DC05","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of scrub typhus at a tertiary care hospital from Southern India","volume":"9","author":"Roopa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R9-20240828","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Weil-Felix test-a diagnostic tool for rickettsial diseases","volume":"4","author":"Sanap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Austin J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R10-20240828","first-page":"66","article-title":"Baseline weil felix titre among healthy population in sub Himalayan region of Kangra (H. P.) India","volume":"7","author":"Rani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci Res"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6822","article-title":"Five-year analysis of rickettsial fevers in children in South India:Clinical manifestations and complications","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"R12-20240828","first-page":"538","article-title":"Serological evidence of rickettsial infections in Delhi","volume":"135","author":"Mittal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2441-2446.1992","article-title":"Serological studies of antigenic similarity between Japanese spotted fever rickettsiae and Weil-Felix test antigens","volume":"30","author":"Amano","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.64.754.614","article-title":"Rickettsial infection presenting as culture-negative Meningitis","volume":"64","author":"Woo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Postgr Med J"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(78)90101-X","article-title":"Corticosteroid effect on immunoglobulins","volume":"62","author":"Settipane","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_902_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:08:18Z","timestamp":1787771298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_902_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_902_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}