{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:24:08Z","timestamp":1787847848326,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study ws to evaluate prognostic factors associated with final visual outcome in patients with congenital cataract associated with congenital rubella syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A prospective interventional analysis of preoperative systemic and ocular features of 56 eyes of 28 seropositive infants of less than 12 months presenting to us with bilateral cataract was performed. All infants were surgically treated with cataract extraction, posterior capsulorhexis, and anterior vitrectomy followed by visual rehabilitation. Intraocular lens implantation was done in children after 2 years of age. Outcome data were collected till children reached the fifth chronological age. Chi-square test was used as a test of significance for qualitative data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 56 eyes, 44.6% eyes had vision better than 20\/60. Important preoperative factors related to poor visual prognosis were morphology of cataract (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004), microphthalmos (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), features suggestive of iris hypoplasia (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), optic atrophy (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), nystagmus (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02), and associated neurological anomalies (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0023). We found no significant statistical association between postoperative visual outcome and isolated rubella retinopathy, cloudy cornea, cardiological, and ontological abnormalities.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Cataract associated with rubella is a common cause of congenital cataract in developing countries. Determining prognostic factors helps us in parent counseling and planning treatment protocols. Nevertheless, early detection and treatment with adequate multidisciplinary approach remains priority for improving long-term visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_903_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T05:35:03Z","timestamp":1613540103000},"page":"598-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is 20\/20 visual outcome a reality in rubella cataract? - Prognostic factors in children with cataract associated with congenital rubella syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Deepti","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Krishnaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apeksha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.114629","article-title":"Prevalence of eye signs in congenital rubella syndrome in South India: A role for population screening","volume":"91","author":"Vijayalakshmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-28-20240828","first-page":"139","article-title":"Seroprevalence of rubella in women of reproductive age","volume":"38","author":"Yadav","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g4844","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4844","article-title":"India to introduce rubella and rotavirus vaccines and inactivated polio vaccine","volume":"349","author":"Mudur","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R4-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970030763001","article-title":"Pathogenesis of rubella cataract: Gregg's syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Ophthal"},{"key":"R5-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(02)42002-2","article-title":"Visual outcome of cataract surgery in children with congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Vijayalakshmi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R6-28-20240828","first-page":"132","article-title":"Congenital malformations in infants following maternal rubella in pregnancy","volume":"4","author":"Swan","year":"1944","journal-title":"Trans Ophthal Soc Aust"},{"key":"R7-28-20240828","first-page":"212","article-title":"Rubella retinitis in Western Australia","volume":"9","author":"Morlet","year":"1949","journal-title":"Trans Ophthal Soc Aust"},{"key":"R8-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)91541-3","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of the 1964-65 rubella epidemic","volume":"63","author":"Geltzer","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1946.00890200043008","article-title":"Congenital cataract and other anomalies following rubella in mother during pregnancy. A California survey","volume":"35","author":"Prendercast","year":"1946","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-28-20240828","first-page":"781","article-title":"Consequences of confirmed maternal rubella at successive stages of pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Elizabeth","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R11-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410305","article-title":"Slow maturation of IgG1 avidity and persistence of specific IgM in congenital rubella: Implications for diagnosis and immunopathology","volume":"41","author":"Thomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R12-28-20240828","first-page":"235","article-title":"Ocular aspects of maternal rubella syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Alfano J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans Amer Acad Ophthal Otolaryng"},{"key":"R13-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700560302","article-title":"Study of three infants dying from congenital defects following maternal rubella in early stages of pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Swan","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Path Bact"},{"key":"R14-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1949.tb07105.x","article-title":"Rubella in pregnancy as an aetiological factor in congenital malformation, stillbirth, miscarriage and abortion","volume":"56","author":"Swan","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp"},{"key":"R15-28-20240828","first-page":"35","article-title":"Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother","volume":"3","author":"Gregg","year":"1941","journal-title":"Trans Ophthal Soc Aust"},{"key":"R16-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(68)92210-1","article-title":"Histopathologic basis for ocular manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-28-20240828","first-page":"114","article-title":"Rubella retinitis in Tasmania","volume":"8","author":"Hamilton","year":"1948","journal-title":"Trans Ophthal Soc Aust"},{"key":"R18-28-20240828","first-page":"577","article-title":"The ocular manifestations of congenital rubella","volume":"70","author":"Wolff","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R19-28-20240828","first-page":"184","article-title":"Clinical and pathological manifestations in a case of congenital rubella syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Zoniss","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.6.358","article-title":"Ophthalmic manifestations and associated systemic disorder","volume":"77","author":"Givens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-28-20240828","first-page":"119","article-title":"Pigmentary abnormalities in children congenitally deaf following maternal German measles","volume":"31","author":"Marks","year":"1947","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(98)00039-2","article-title":"Visual function following congenital cataract surgery","volume":"42","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.10.002","article-title":"Is there a latent period for the surgical treatment of children with dense bilateral congenital cataracts?","volume":"10","author":"Lambert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R24-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1945.00890190024004","article-title":"Cataract and other congenital defects in infants following rubella in the mother","volume":"34","author":"Long","year":"1945","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2002.800607.x","article-title":"Outcome after treatment of congenital bilateral cataract","volume":"80","author":"Lundvall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_903_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:40:59Z","timestamp":1787845259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_903_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_903_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}