{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:21:26Z","timestamp":1787761286343,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections into lacrimal gland are being used for refractory epiphora due to intractable lacrimal disorders with success rates reported from 18% to 86%. Most common side effects are transient ptosis and diplopia. We report a case of a 59-year-old female injected with 2.5 units of BTA injection in each lacrimal gland for functional epiphora. The patient had a history of herpes simplex viral keratitis that was quiescent for more than 2 years. After 3 weeks, she developed reactivation of viral keratitis bilaterally, which was successfully managed with antivirals and topical steroids. Reactivation of quiescent herpes simplex keratitis is a possibility after lacrimal gland BTA and caution should be exercised in such cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_904_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]],"date-time":"2018-04-20T08:09:28Z","timestamp":1524211768000},"page":"697-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bilateral herpes simplex keratitis reactivation after lacrimal gland botulinum toxin injection"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Purvasha","family":"Narang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea Services, LJ Eye Institute, Ambala, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oculoplasty Services, LJ Eye Institute, Ambala, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea Services, LJ Eye Institute, Ambala, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.88","article-title":"Comparison of botulinum toxin-A injection in lacrimal gland and conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy for treatment of epiphora due to proximal lacrimal system obstruction","volume":"30","author":"Kaynak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R2-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.18","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of epiphora in lacrimal outflow obstruction","volume":"29","author":"Ziahosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R3-20251013","article-title":"A review on use of botulinum toxin for intractable lacrimal drainage disorders","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"EyInt Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7228.161","article-title":"Uses of botulinum toxin injection in medicine today","volume":"320","author":"M\u00fcnchau","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R5-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.1.90","article-title":"Generalised muscular weakness after botulinum toxin injections for dystonia: A report of three cases","volume":"67","author":"Bhatia","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-20251013","first-page":"49","article-title":"Two cases of herpes zoster appearing after botulinum toxin type a injections","volume":"4","author":"Graber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200103000-00001","article-title":"Predictors of recurrent herpes simplex virus keratitis. Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group","volume":"20","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R8-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530802111085","article-title":"Ocular HSV-1 latency, reactivation and recurrent disease","volume":"23","author":"Toma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20251013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.18915","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in ophthalmic plastic surgery","volume":"53","author":"Naik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223307-201866050-00024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:30:07Z","timestamp":1787758207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223307-201866050-00024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_904_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}