{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:35Z","timestamp":1786649735338,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to study the success of prism in regard to diplopia resolution score and associated factors in patients presenting with symptomatic diplopia arising from various etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this descriptive, retrospective study diplopia resolution among 31 patients who were prescribed prism were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-four patients were evaluated for diplopia and 31 were included for the study done over 3 years. The mean follow-up was 15 months. Esotropia, exotropia, and hypertropia were seen in 39%, 51%, and 19.4% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, 71% received Fresnel prism and 29% were given ground glass prism. The mean prism power prescribed was 13.3 PD. 87% had complete resolution of diplopia; 96.8% continued usage of prism. High success rates were seen among patients with decompensated strabismus, sixth and fourth nerve palsy. Horizontal prism and oblique prism in the form of Fresnel prism yielded complete resolution of diplopia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.028). There was no association between the success of prism and etiology (P 0.058), history of trauma (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.212), and type of deviation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.387). The study showed that oblique Fresnel prism can be considered for combined deviation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed prism to be effective in alleviating diplopia over a varied range of etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_939_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T07:51:02Z","timestamp":1644997862000},"page":"609-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prisms in the treatment of diplopia with strabismus of various etiologies"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Sasikala E","family":"Anilkumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Narendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20120221-02","article-title":"Effectiveness of prisms in the management of diplopia in patients due to diverse etiologies","volume":"49","author":"Tamhankar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318211daa9","article-title":"Success of prisms in the management of diplopia due to fourth nerve palsy","volume":"31","author":"Tamhankar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1977.04450070153015","article-title":"An improved method of fitting resultant prism in treatment of two-axis strabismus","volume":"95","author":"Reinecke","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-6677.193885","article-title":"Effectiveness of prisms in relieving diplopia in superior oblique palsies","volume":"28","author":"Neena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kerala J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/kjo.kjo_84_17","article-title":"Prisms in clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Antony","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kerala J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20251006","first-page":"335","article-title":"Fresnel membrane prisms:Clinical experience","volume":"34","author":"Flanders","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.134","article-title":"Persistent binocular diplopia following cataract surgery:Aetiology and management","volume":"8","author":"Wylie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.62.1.13","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of diplopia","volume":"62","author":"Fraine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Orthopt J"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2009.08.004","article-title":"Diplopia and strabismus following ocular surgeries","volume":"55","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.62.1.38","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of diplopia after retinal surgery","volume":"62","author":"Hodgetts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Orthopt J"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e3283567276","article-title":"Prism use in adult diplopia","volume":"23","author":"Gunton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_939_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:57:48Z","timestamp":1786647468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_939_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_939_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4738","1998-3689"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4738","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3689","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}