{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:06Z","timestamp":1787775786346,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the incidence, etiology, and risk factors for tube explantation in patients undergoing patch-free glaucoma drainage device (GDD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the total 1303 patients who underwent patch-free GDD (703 non-valved GDD and 600 valved GDD) for refractory glaucoma during January 2020\u2013October 2023, we identified five cases of postoperative complications following GDD that required tube or shunt removal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median (IQR) age of our study cohorts was 54.5 (8\u201366) years. The incidence of tube exposure and tube explantation was 0.003% and 0.004%, respectively. The median time interval for tube or plate explantation from the time of GDD surgery was 11.5 (2\u201316) months. The diagnoses of refractory glaucoma for which GDD was performed were secondary glaucoma following multiple vitreoretinal (VR) surgery (60%), primary open-angle glaucoma (20%), and aphakic glaucoma (20%). Of these, two patients (40%) presented with recurrent tube exposures, two patients (40%) with tube exposure and early endophthalmitis, and one patient (20%) with persistent hypotony. Four patients (80%) had undergone non-valved Aurolab aqueous drainage implant and one underwent (20%) Ahmed glaucoma implant. Three patients (60%) had diabetes mellitus with a history of multiple VR surgical intervention. GDD explantation was done in three patients (60%), and the remaining two patients (40%) required only tube amputation. One patient presented with orbital cellulitis, and there was no culture growth seen in any of our study cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tube and plate exposures pose a significant risk for potential infections and warrant prompt explantation of GDD to avoid endophthalmitis. Previous history of multiple VR surgeries, diabetes mellitus, and non-valved implants were the common risk associations noted for tube exposures in our retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_958_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T08:01:58Z","timestamp":1726732918000},"page":"S267-S271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence, etiology, and risk factors for tube explantation in patients undergoing patch-free glaucoma drainage device"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Vijayalakshmi A","family":"Senthilkumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umme Salma","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Rajendrababu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.10.024","article-title":"Postoperative complications in the tube versus trabeculectomy study during five years of follow-up","volume":"153","author":"Gedde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J 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