{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T11:55:06Z","timestamp":1793361306108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uncorrected refractive error is one of the most important causes of visual impairment worldwide. Addressing childhood vision impairment (VI) is one of the main goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) to combat blindness strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To ascertain the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among children aged 10 to 16 years in Baramulla district, Kashmir.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out among 680 school children during an eye camp under the school health program of the national program for control of blindness. The screening was conducted in four schools in Baramulla district, Kashmir. The schools were selected using the non-probability convenient sampling technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 680 school children from classes sixth to tenth aged 10\u201316 years participated in the study. Out of 680 students, 545 (80%) had normal vision, 97 (14%) had impaired visual acuity ranging between 6\/9 and 6\/24, and 38 (6%) had severe VI ranging from 6\/36 to 6\/60. Among the various types of refractive errors, myopia was the most prevalent affecting 54 children. Age distribution of refractive errors showed myopia to be more prevalent in the age group 13\u201314 years (16, 14 cases), hypermetropia was more prevalent in the age group 14\u201315 years (10, 8 cases), and astigmatism 5 cases in the age group 14\u201315 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study provides useful and baseline data about the refractive error amongst the school children of the Baramulla district. A larger study needs to be conducted in all schools of the state to get a clear picture of RE and other eye-related problems to detect vision problems earlier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_982_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:01:19Z","timestamp":1700438479000},"page":"3642-3645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among school-going children in district Baramulla, Kashmir: A cross sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sabreena","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahila","family":"Nabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul A","family":"Makayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260511","first-page":"263","article-title":"Childhood blindness in India: A population based perspective","volume":"87","author":"Dandona","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthamol"},{"key":"R2-20260511","first-page":"e1221","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990\u20132020: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R3-20260511","first-page":"6271","article-title":"Global patterns in health burden of uncorrected refractive error","volume":"57","author":"Lou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R6-20260511","first-page":"3","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Hashemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260511","first-page":"214","article-title":"Refractive errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008\u20132012","volume":"30","author":"Rim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R8-20260511","first-page":"202","article-title":"Epidemiology of myopia","volume":"28","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"R9-20260511","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R10-20260511","first-page":"134","article-title":"The epidemics of myopia: Aetiology and prevention","volume":"62","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R11-20260511","first-page":"464","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive errors; 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