{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:34:16Z","timestamp":1787762056938,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational health problems and one of the leading causes of temporary disability. This study aimed to assess the biomechanical constraints of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders associated with Tunisian weavers\u2019 tasks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n An ergonomic approach was adopted with a representative sample of Tunisian weavers. First, the activity was observed mainly for identifying tasks and sub-tasks. Then, the biomechanical constraints were assessed based on the Borg scale and the software analyses and encoding of the 2,000 images extracted from the activity video recordings. These analyses were done with the ERGOROM software.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Four main tasks were identified (warping of the loom, weaving itself, beating up, and finishing). As for the subtasks, the six most important were thread coiling, shedding and picking, beating up the weft, knotting, cutting, and shearing. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that weavers spent most of their working time in the constrained neck and upper limb postures. Shoulders were in flexion\/abduction during 68.6% of the activity and pinch grip was spread over 83.3% of the working time. Furthermore, elbows and wrists were highly concerned by elevated gestural variability scores. The estimated deployed strength was \u201cmedium\u201d to \u201cstrong\u201d in 50% to nearly 80% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n According to the results, in carpet weavers, exposure to biomechanical constraints at risk of musculoskeletal disorders was high for the various joints and parts of the upper limbs. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out interventional studies for the development of ergonomic hand tools and workstations adapted to the traditional weaver activity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_109_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T09:15:23Z","timestamp":1688548523000},"page":"148-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biomechanical Risk Factors of the Upper Limbs\u2019 Musculoskeletal Disorders among Carpet Weavers in Tunisia: Semi-Quantitative Ergonomic Assessment"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lamia","family":"Bouzgarrou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Kheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifa","family":"Ben Afia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Ormrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faten","family":"Hermassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(Suppl 48)","key":"R1-20240902","first-page":"4417","article-title":"Occupational health hazards and musculo-skeletal disorders of handicraft workers in India","volume":"11","author":"Ray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Biosci"},{"key":"R2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1080\/10286632.2017.1330887","article-title":"Policies to promote employment and preserve cultural heritage in the handicraft sector","volume":"25","author":"Grobar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cult Policy"},{"issue":"(Suppl 3)","key":"R3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_223_20","article-title":"The relationship of grip and pinch strength to musculoskeletal disorders in female carpet weavers in Southeastern Iran, 2019","volume":"25","author":"Nejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R6-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1504\/IJHFE.2018.092228","article-title":"Ergonomic evaluation of cumulative trauma disorders among female carpet weavers in India:Guidelines to an effective sustainability in work system design","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Hum Factors Ergon"},{"key":"R7-20240902","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs in Tunisian craftsmen","volume":"23","author":"Omrane","year":"2017","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health"},{"key":"R12-20240902","first-page":"189","article-title":"Semi-quantitative ergonomic analysis of the biomechanical constraints within the cervical spine among screen-operators in the Tunisian universities","volume":"31","author":"Omrane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med 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4)","key":"R20-20240902","first-page":"29","article-title":"The assessment of occupational ergonomic risks of handloom weaving in northern Thailand","volume":"20","author":"Chantaramanee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Technol Asia"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R21-20240902","first-page":"e64182","article-title":"Ergonomic risk assessment of distal upper extremities by job strain index in carpet weavers","volume":"7","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Scope"},{"key":"R22-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2004.11076604","article-title":"Musculoskeletal Symptoms as Related to Ergonomic Factors in Iranian Hand-Woven Carpet Industry and General Guidelines for Workstation Design","volume":"10","author":"Choobineh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Ergon"},{"key":"R23-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.30880\/ijie.2019.11.06.007","article-title":"The influence of hand 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