{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:45:31Z","timestamp":1793936731808,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a leading cause of occupational morbidity among healthcare professionals globally. In India, the high patient load, resource constraints, and demanding work conditions expose doctors and nurses to significant ergonomic risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with WMSDs among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care setting in South India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 HCWs, including doctors and nurses, using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and a structured work profile assessment. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the prevalence and identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of WMSDs was 82.1%, with the lower back (68.3%), neck (54.8%), and shoulders (48.6%) being the most commonly affected regions. Nurses reported significantly higher prevalence compared to doctors (88.4% vs. 73.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Prolonged standing, repetitive movements, and poor ergonomics were identified as major risk factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that work experience &gt; 10 years (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.21\u20135.83) and lack of ergonomic training (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.48\u20136.58) were independently associated with WMSDs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WMSDs are alarmingly prevalent among HCWs in India, especially among nurses. There is an urgent need for workplace ergonomic interventions, regular training, and policy-level initiatives to safeguard the occupational health of frontline medical staff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_153_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T20:00:30Z","timestamp":1767384030000},"page":"269-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Healthcare Workers: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Rajarethinam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Venkatachalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanamail","family":"Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Institutional Review Board, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1108\/JHR-08-2018-044","article-title":"Interventions commonly used to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers","volume":"32","author":"Sirisawasd","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Res"},{"key":"R3-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010841","article-title":"Prevalence of body area work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare professionals: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Jacquier-Bret","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R4-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8598.153836","article-title":"Health of the healthcare professionals: A risk assessment study on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in a tertiary hospital, Chennai, India","volume":"5","author":"Yasobant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Public Health"},{"key":"R5-20260105","first-page":"252","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work ability among hospital nurses","volume":"14","author":"Akodu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R6-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3306-4","article-title":"The concurrence of musculoskeletal pain and associated work-related factors: A cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"de C\u00e1ssia Pereira Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R7-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(03)00059-0","article-title":"Low back pain and other work-related musculoskeletal problems among physiotherapists","volume":"34","author":"Rugelj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R8-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02237.x","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomics in dermatologic surgery: A survey of Mohs surgeons in 2010","volume":"38","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-196","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for foot and ankle musculoskeletal disorders experienced by nurses","volume":"15","author":"Reed","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"R11-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-009-9176-1","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in surgeons","volume":"19","author":"Szeto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"R12-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/79.7.642","article-title":"Cause, prevalence, and response to occupational musculoskeletal injuries reported by physical therapists and physical therapist assistants","volume":"79","author":"Holder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R13-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-12","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"11","author":"Tinubu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"R14-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.14.4.236","article-title":"Textbook of Orthopaedic Medicine\u2014Vol. II\u2014Treatment by Manipulation and Injection","volume":"14","author":"Robson","year":"1980","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"R15-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-003-0465-6","article-title":"M. Kesson, E. Atkins, I. Davies: Musculoskeletal injection skills","volume":"27","author":"Skou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"R16-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00007","article-title":"Disc stimulation and patterns of referred pain","volume":"27","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R17-20260105","first-page":"93","article-title":"Clinical and radiological anatomy of the lumbar spine","volume":"57","author":"Kanga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"key":"R18-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(00)00034-6","article-title":"Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: Normal kinematics","volume":"15","author":"Bogduk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"R20-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198301000-00042","article-title":"Stress deprivation effect on metabolic turnover of the medial collateral ligament collagen. A comparison between nine- and 12-week immobilization","volume":"172","author":"Amiel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R23-20260105","first-page":"U2896","article-title":"The influence of steroid injections on the incidence of infection following total knee arthroplasty","volume":"121","author":"Horne","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"R27-20260105","first-page":"583","article-title":"Occupational soft tissue disorders of the hand and forearm","volume":"91","author":"Livengood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Wis Med J"},{"key":"R28-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.12.029","article-title":"Nerve fiber staining investigations in traumatic and degenerative disc lesions of the wrist","volume":"36","author":"Unglaub","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"R29-20260105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199405001-00006","article-title":"Clinical features of patients with pain stemming from the lumbar zygapophysial joints. Is the lumbar facet syndrome a clinical entity?","volume":"19","author":"Schwarzer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"R30-20260105","first-page":"113","article-title":"Modern manual therapy of the vertebral column Edited by Gregorv P Grieve Churchill Livingstone 1986, Pp 898, Illus. \u226470.00","volume":"2","author":"Ceo\u2019d","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_153_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:59:22Z","timestamp":1786647562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_153_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_153_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-2284","1998-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-2284","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}