{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:36:27Z","timestamp":1787070987504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a significant cause of ill health among working populations. Vehicle repair mechanics are at high risk due to their work nature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the prevalence, pattern, and severity of musculoskeletal disorders among automotive repair mechanics in Mumbai, India, and to analyze associated postural risks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 garage mechanics in Mumbai. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Postural risks were analyzed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) scale. Joint angles were measured using Kinovea software. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 423 mechanics, 23 (5.4%) reported pain, primarily in the lower back (26.1%) and knees (34.8%). The median age was 29 years (IQR: 9). Most mechanics worked 10\u201312 h daily (51.1%), 7 days a week (70.4%). REBA scores were significantly correlated with trunk posture (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.645,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001) and Score A (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.85,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Lower back pain showed a positive correlation with REBA scores (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.050,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.819).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among vehicle repair mechanics in this sample was relatively low. However, those who reported pain primarily experienced lower back and knee pain. Postural risks, particularly trunk posture, were significantly associated with overall ergonomic risk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_266_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:00:24Z","timestamp":1774342824000},"page":"59-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Under the Hood \u2013 Decoding Musculoskeletal Health among Vehicle Mechanics in Urban Mumbai: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, MGM College of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archita","family":"Dabhole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, MGM College of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","first-page":"813","article-title":"Work-related back discomfort and associated factors among automotive maintenance mechanics in Eastern Nigeria: A cross sectional study","volume":"53","author":"Abaraogu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9472357","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9472357","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among vehicle repair workers in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"Tamene","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2021\/45296.14600","article-title":"Quantification of musculoskeletal discomfort among automobile garage workers: A cross-sectional analytical study in Chetla, Kolkata, West Bengal","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin of Diagn Res"},{"issue":"Supple 3","key":"R4-20260420","first-page":"34","article-title":"The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder and the association with risk factors among auto repair mechanics in Klang Valley, Malaysia","volume":"43","author":"Nasaruddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqm036","article-title":"The nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire","volume":"57","author":"Crawford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1044-x","article-title":"Pain assessment","volume":"15 Suppl 1","author":"Haefeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(99)00039-3","article-title":"Rapid entire body assessment (REBA)","volume":"31","author":"Hignett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082635","article-title":"An overview of reba method applications in the world","volume":"17","author":"Hita-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1700","article-title":"Back disorders and nonneutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers","volume":"17","author":"Punnett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7430-9","article-title":"Work-related risk factors and the prevalence of low back pain among low wage workers: Results from a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Wami","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.7.1069","article-title":"Biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors for low back pain at work","volume":"91","author":"Kerr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2014.08.011","article-title":"The effect of sustained static kneeling on kinetic and kinematic knee joint gait parameters","volume":"46","author":"Kajaks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24333","article-title":"Occupational risk in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.11.008","article-title":"Neuromuscular manifestations of viscoelastic tissue degradation following high and low risk repetitive lumbar flexion","volume":"22","author":"Solomonow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3610","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16193610","article-title":"Association between psychosocial working conditions and perceived physical exertion among eldercare workers: A cross-sectional multilevel analysis of nursing homes, wards and workers","volume":"16","author":"Januario","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130120716","article-title":"Theories of musculoskeletal injury causation","volume":"44","author":"Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"R18-20260420","article-title":"Low Back Disorders: Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation","author":"McGill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Kinetics"},{"key":"R19-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(96)80056-5","article-title":"Low back pain disorders and exposure to whole-body vibration in the workplace","volume":"20","author":"Bovenzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2020.102937","article-title":"A narrative review on contemporary and emerging uses of inertial sensing in occupational ergonomics","volume":"76","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"R21-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-23-0025","article-title":"Spinal posture assessment and low back pain","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_266_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:39:59Z","timestamp":1787067599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_266_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_266_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-2284","1998-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-2284","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-04","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}