{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:59:20Z","timestamp":1790171960833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Industrial workers are often exposed to various chemical agents, making awareness of their exposure crucial for disease prevention and health improvement. Consequently, a low-cost and efficient method in this area would be highly beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the first stage, factors affecting exposure were extracted from scientific sources and be completed by interviewing experts (initial questionnaire). Then, the questionnaire standardization process (validity and reliability evaluation), face validity, content and structure were checked step by step and in necessary cases. In all these steps, some questions were deleted, some changed, and finally 105 questions remained which entered the next stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the phase of face validity and quantitative content, respectively, questions with content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), less than 0.51 and 0.71 (32 questions) were deleted and some questions (19 questions) were corrected. The 115-question questionnaire entered the construct validity phase, and finally 105 questions remained. The result of the Kaiser\u2013Meyer\u2013Olkin test for the designed questionnaire was equal to 0.805. For Bartlett\u2019s sphericity test, the value of 21547 = 6 was obtained with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.001. For exploratory factor analysis, seven main characteristics dimensions (process, pollutant, workplace, pollutant source, operator, technical engineering, and organizational-management) were extracted. A cutoff point of 0.4 was considered for varimax rotation on 115 items included in the exploratory factor analysis. The total interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.777 for reliability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, a questionnaire was prepared and validated, which collects all information and objective and nonobjective factors affecting the airborne chemical exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_332_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:01:14Z","timestamp":1790146874000},"page":"235-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Innovative Questionnaire for Assessing Occupational Exposure to Airborne Chemical Pollutants: Development and 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