{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:59:24Z","timestamp":1790171964670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate the prevalence of asthenopia and binocular vision abnormalities (BVA) among diamond polishers in Mumbai, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data was collected from eye screening in people working in one of the diamond industries in Mumbai, India. This retrospective cross-sectional study included only diamond polishers aged 18\u201335 with uncorrected 20\/20 distance vision and N6 near vision. Others working in the diamond industry were excluded. Comprehensive eye screening included measuring Snellen acuity, refraction, and binocular vision tests. A CISS (Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey) questionnaire was administered to assess binocular vision parameters and asthenopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the screening cohort of 1,093 diamond industry screened workers, 66 people engaged in polishing were included in the study. The prevalence of BVA was 77.3%; stereo acuity abnormalities were the most common (63.6%), followed by accommodative insufficiency (43.9%). No significant association was found between CISS scores with age, work hours, or experience, although 10.6% of participants had CISS scores above 21. Age was significantly correlated with the near point of accommodation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and older participants (26\u201335 years) exhibited higher fusional vergence abnormalities though not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high prevalence of binocular vision abnormalities among diamond polishers underscores the need for targeted interventions to reduce visual fatigue and improve working conditions in this high-demand occupation. Further studies are required to suggest corrective measures to enhance eye health and work productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_57_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:00:50Z","timestamp":1790146850000},"page":"224-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Asthenopia and Binocular Vision Parameters in Diamond Polishing Workers, The Mumbai Eye Disease Study (MEDiS) 3"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maneck","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeslin","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshali","family":"Aldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal","family":"Gawade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanket","family":"Dokfode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Marmamula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, 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