{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:36:24Z","timestamp":1787070984524,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are complex oils used to protect the metal piece and the cutting tool from friction and wear out during the machining process. Direct contact of skin with MWF can lead to occupational dermatitis (O.D.). It is a local skin inflammation caused by occupational exposure to any substance at work leading to dryness, itching, redness, and wheals on the skin. Annually, 1.2 million metal workers are exposed to MWF, but there needs to be more research on them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the associated factors of O.D. among the MWF factory workers in Bengaluru.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Material:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study among 205 MWF workers in 6 MWF factories was conducted to obtain data on sociodemographic details, work details, and symptoms of O.D. Descriptive statistics of categorical variables like O.D. were summarized in percentages with a 95% confidence level. Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression were used to study the association of O.D. with MWF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proportion of O.D. was 15.4%, with 14.6%, 14.6%, 13.2%, 5.9%, and 6.3% having dryness, itching, redness, cuts, and bleeding, respectively. In Logistic regression, the factors associated with statistically significant are age [4.13 (1.5\u20133.6)], years of service duration [6.13 (1.48\u201325.6)], machining process [0.002 (1.731\u201310.7] enclosure of machines [(0.30 (0.19\u20130.90)], and nonuse of gloves [0.15 (0.05\u20130.44)]<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research concludes that MWF workers observed that 15.6% had O.D. Preventing O.D. by limiting exposure to MWF through periodic training, adequate supply and practice of personal protective equipment, engineering, and medical measures are crucial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_86_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1774342818000},"page":"25-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational Dermatitis among the Metal Working Fluid Factory Workers in Bengaluru \u2013 A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Yashaswini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Rajaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyadarshini","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaraj N.","family":"Somanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22253","article-title":"Investigation of respiratory and dermal symptoms associated with metal working fluids at an aircraft engine manufacturing facility","volume":"56","author":"Meza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3126\/ijosh.v11i1.33495","article-title":"Occupational health hazards and use of personal protective equipment among auto mechanics in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal","volume":"11","author":"Indira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Health"},{"key":"R4-20260420","first-page":"23","article-title":"Determinants of knowledge of occupational hazards among workers in automobile assembly plants","volume":"2","author":"Azuike","year":"2017","journal-title":"ARC J Public Health Community Med"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20164762","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of occupational dermatitis notified in Brazil in the period 2007 to 2012","volume":"91","author":"Plombom","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20260420","first-page":"403","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and exposure response relations in workers exposed to metalworking fluid aerosols","volume":"54","author":"Lillienberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"R7-20260420","article-title":"Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergic Contact dermatitis"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199610)30:4<421::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Dermatitis among automobile production machine operators exposed to metal working fluids","volume":"30","author":"Sprince","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"R9-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg006","article-title":"Microorganism induced skin disease in workers exposed to metalworking fluids","volume":"53","author":"Awosika Olumo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04658.x","article-title":"Dermatoses in metal workers.(I). Irritant contact dermatitis","volume":"20","author":"De Boer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.40.291","article-title":"Metalworking fluid hand dermatitis","volume":"40","author":"Ueno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000717","article-title":"Occupational respiratory and skin diseases among workers exposed to metalworking fluids","volume":"21","author":"Nett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.55123","article-title":"Health worker effect phenomenon","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R14-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8706-z","article-title":"Occupational and hand dermatitis: A practical approach","volume":"56","author":"Lampel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.09.178","article-title":"Hard machining performance of indigenously developed green cutting fluid using flood cooling and minimum quantity cutting fluid","volume":"206","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_86_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:39:58Z","timestamp":1787067598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_86_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_86_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-2284","1998-3670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-2284","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3670","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}