{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:02:23Z","timestamp":1787169743599,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parvovirus B19 is a small (26 nm), nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA (5.6-kb) virus. The only known host for parvovirus B19 is humans. Parvovirus B19 is directly cytotoxic to erythroid precursor cells of the colony- and burst-forming units. Human parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum and chronic pure red cell aplasia in immunocompromised individuals. Acute parvovirus B19 infection should be suspected in immunocompromised patients, who present with reticulocytopenic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the standard treatment for parvovirus-induced cytopenias. We report two cases of postrenal transplant who presented with reticulocytopenic anemia and were found to have parvovirus infection. They did not respond to conventional treatment with intravenous gamma globulin. Both patients were treated with rituximab with which they had improvement in clinical and hematological parameters. There was no previous documentation of using rituximab in the treatment of parvovirus-triggered autoimmune hemolytic anemia postrenal transplant patients. This article illustrates how rituximab will be helpful in this setting, of course, it is a new thought but requires further studies and validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijot.ijot_34_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T09:24:19Z","timestamp":1680254659000},"page":"139-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treating Parvovirus Triggered Refractory Hemolytic Anemia with Rituximab in Renal Transplant Recipients \u2013 A Report of Two Cases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chilaka","family":"Rajesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utkarsh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Valsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elenjickal Elias","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeethu Joseph","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athul","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suceena","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinoi George","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Varughese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.140151","article-title":"Parvoviruses and bone marrow failure","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"R2-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92509-7","article-title":"Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia revealed by human parvovirus linked erythroblastopenia","volume":"2","author":"Bertrand","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211117","article-title":"ErythrocyteP antigen:Cellular receptor for B19 parvovirus","volume":"262","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R4-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90574-4","article-title":"The protean manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults","volume":"58","author":"Murray","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R5-20240902","first-page":"631","article-title":"Anti-i, a frequent cold agglutinin in infectious mononucleosis","volume":"10","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1965","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R6-20240902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1973.tb05460.x","article-title":"Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (P. 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