{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:37:07Z","timestamp":1786653427116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Competency is the ability to apply knowledge and skills efficiently to achieve required outcomes, typically measured through performance. Professional competency standards in healthcare describe the specific knowledge, skills, and attributes required for practice. In India, the occupational therapy (OT) profession is gaining recognition, highlighting a need for national competency standards to improve quality of care and professional visibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall aim of this study is to create a draft set of professional competency standards for occupational therapists in India by reviewing, synthesizing, and adapting existing competencies published in other parts of the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formative research design involving document analysis of global competency standards and an adaptive process in collaboration with the Indian Occupational Therapists Think Tank (IOTTT) to develop a draft set of professional competency standards for Indian OTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An iterative Delphi process was used. An Expert Working Group (EWG) was formed with three IOTTT executive members. A document analysis was conducted to gather and critically analyze existing OT competency standards. Competency documents were identified from professional associations and regulatory bodies worldwide. The analysis followed the framework method, involving a series of steps to extract and analyze data to create a draft set of competency standards for Indian OTs. The coadaptation process included individual reviews, scoring, and review meetings with the EWG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Document analysis revealed 31 OT competency standards, with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria, including documents from Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Mauritius, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Singapore, Sweden, the UK, and the USA. After the iterative decision-making process, a draft set identified 15 competency domains, 97 competency standards, and 2 61 competency indicators, including essential competencies across various aspects of OT practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prepared the draft set of Indian OT competency standards that reflected global practices and adapted to the Indian context. The next steps are further refinement of the document with iterative feedback from other IOTTT members and contributing OTs, followed by a collaboration with the All-India Occupational Therapy Association for endorsement and implementation, ensuring relevance to the Indian context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_72_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T15:00:46Z","timestamp":1752159646000},"page":"107-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary Professional Competency Standards for Occupational Therapists in India: A Global Review and Adaptation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Dimple","family":"Dawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sureshkumar","family":"Kamalakannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Education and Community Well-being, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Executive Member of Indian Occupational Therapists Think Tank, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Co-vice Chair, Royal College of Occupational Therapy, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manigandan","family":"Chockalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Executive Member of Indian Occupational Therapists Think Tank, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Co-vice Chair, Royal College of Occupational Therapy, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Turkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeyaraj Durai","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States"},{"name":"President of Indian Occupational Therapists Think Tank, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.2.226","article-title":"Defining and assessing professional competence","volume":"287","author":"Epstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R2-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-019-09946-w","article-title":"The development of competency frameworks in healthcare professions: A scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Batt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"R3-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S2155-8256(18)30118-2","article-title":"The difference between competency and competence: A regulatory perspective","volume":"9","author":"Moghabghab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nurs Regul"},{"key":"R4-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/10598405020180050701","article-title":"Excellence in school nursing practice: Developing a national perspective on school nurse competencies","volume":"18","author":"Bobo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"R5-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004598","article-title":"Evolving the systems-based practice competency in graduate medical education to meet patient needs in the 21st-century health care system","volume":"97","author":"Gonzalo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"R6-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13274","article-title":"The development of professional practice standards for Australian general practice nurses","volume":"73","author":"Halcomb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"R7-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.07.003","article-title":"Development of entrustable professional activities for hospice and palliative medicine fellowship training in the United States","volume":"54","author":"Landzaat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"R8-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.08.009","article-title":"Identifying essential infection control competencies for newly graduated nurses: A three-phase study in Australia and Taiwan","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"R12-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_40_20","article-title":"The national commission for allied and health care professions bill, 2020: Implications for occupational therapists and the AIOTA","volume":"52","author":"Kamalakannan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Ther"},{"key":"R14-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12247","article-title":"Methodology for developing competency standards for dietitians in Australia","volume":"18","author":"Palermo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"key":"R15-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3316\/QRJ0902027","article-title":"Document analysis as a qualitative research method","volume":"9","author":"Bowen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual Res J"},{"key":"R16-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2018.05.001","article-title":"Going deeper with documents: A systematic review of the application of extant texts in social research on forests","volume":"92","author":"Siegner","year":"2018","journal-title":"For Policy Econ"},{"key":"R18-20250711","first-page":"2061","article-title":"Using framework analysis in applied qualitative research","volume":"26","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"key":"R21-20250711","first-page":"1148","article-title":"The role of ChatGPT in scientific communication: Writing better scientific review articles","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"R23-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47049","DOI":"10.2196\/47049","article-title":"The potential and concerns of using AI in scientific research: ChatGPT performance evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Khlaif","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"R24-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112023","DOI":"10.3897\/ese.2023.e112023","article-title":"Integrating an artificial intelligence chatbot in scientific communication: Dos and don'ts","volume":"49","author":"Pollesello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Sci Edit"},{"key":"R25-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_14_19","article-title":"Accomplishments of the all India occupational therapists'association and its constituent body the academic council of occupational therapy: Past versus recent scenario till 2019","volume":"51","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Ther"},{"key":"R26-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_59_22","article-title":"Quality of occupational therapy research in India \u2013A descriptive review","volume":"54","author":"Kamalakannan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Ther"},{"key":"R28-20250711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzad084","article-title":"Systematic development of standards for mixed methods reporting in rehabilitation health sciences research","volume":"103","author":"Tovin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_72_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:37:12Z","timestamp":1786649832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_72_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoth.ijoth_72_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0445-7706","2773-1073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0445-7706","type":"print"},{"value":"2773-1073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}