{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:21:01Z","timestamp":1791753661633,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes different physical and mental symptoms, especially fatigue and depression. Yoga is a form of complementary and alternative medicine treatment. Bhramari pranayama breathing exercise is a yoga practice. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bhramari pranayama yoga on the severity of fatigue and depression in MS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomized clinical trial, 78 patients visiting the MS Association in an urban area of Iran were randomly assigned to two groups using the minimization method. The intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 38) performed Bhramari pranayama yoga for 20 min, twice a day for 4 weeks. The control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40) received routine care from the MS Association. The participants in the two groups were evaluated before and after the intervention using Fatigue Severity Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II. The data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The data showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of fatigue and depression before the intervention. However, after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of fatigue (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01; confidence interval [CI]: \u221225.34, \u221217.81; effect size: \u22122.80) and depression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001; CI: \u221218.91, \u221211.25; effect size: \u22121.92).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Yoga can reduce the severity of fatigue and depression in MS patients. Thus, Bhramari pranayama, as a yoga exercise that can be easily learned and practiced is recommended to specialists, MS clinic officials and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_270_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T19:00:35Z","timestamp":1754506835000},"page":"144-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of Breathing Yoga \u201cBhramary Pranayama\u201d on Fatigue and Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Sadr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical - Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ayoobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Vakilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabandeh","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214738","article-title":"Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Iran: A systematic review and 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