{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:20:12Z","timestamp":1787847612918,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disorder with dysfunction in daily activities and psychological consequences like anxiety as well as depression impacting the quality of life substantially. Existing treatments focus mainly on rehabilitation, symptom reduction, and secondary complications. However, psychological, social, and existential issues are least addressed in the prevailing models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the role of meditation in addressing psychological impairment and any resultant improvement in functional outcomes in SCI patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nonrandomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care center for SCI patients. Hospital inpatients were recruited into either experimental intervention group (add on easy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r\u0101ja yoga<\/jats:italic>\n                      with conventional rehabilitation-ER\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50) or control intervention group (conventional rehabilitation alone-CR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50). Patients in the ER group received easy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r\u0101ja yoga<\/jats:italic>\n                      for 1 month, along with conventional rehabilitation and the CR group patients received only conventional rehabilitation. All the subjects were assessed for psychological (perceived stress scale [PSS], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]) and functional impairment (spinal cord independence measure (SCIM), numeric pain rating (NPR) and WHO quality of life-BRIEF (WHOQOLBREF)] at baseline and after 1 month.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 1 month of add-on easy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r\u0101ja yoga<\/jats:italic>\n                      , there was significant decrease in the scores of HADS (F[1,88] = 272.92,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), PSS (F[1,88] = 274.41,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and NPR (F[1,88] = 60.60,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and significant increase in the scores of WHOQOLBREF (F[1,88] = 349.94,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and SCIM (F[1,88] = 29.09,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) in the ER group compared to CR group in analysis of covariance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One-month add-on easy\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r\u0101ja yoga<\/jats:italic>\n                      improves psychological and functional outcomes (HADS, PSS, NPR, WHOQOLBREF and SCIM) in patients with SCI. Future studies with robust designs are needed to validate the results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_68_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T15:06:30Z","timestamp":1617721590000},"page":"36-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of R\u0101ja yoga Meditation on Psychological and Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ekta","family":"Chalageri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatri","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randhir Lal","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramajayam","family":"Govindaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvinder Singh","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.02.027","article-title":"Prospective study of the occurrence of psychological disorders and comorbidities after spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Craig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R3-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.08.016","article-title":"Prevalence of depression after spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R4-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.07.005","article-title":"Fatigue and tiredness in people with spinal cord injury","volume":"73","author":"Craig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R5-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1147680","article-title":"The relationship between pain and mood following spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"R6-5-20240903","first-page":"97","article-title":"Evaluation of a modified yoga program for persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Curtis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Recreation J"},{"key":"R7-5-20240903","first-page":"KC01","article-title":"Efficacy of yoga as an add-on to physiotherapy in the management of patients with paraplegia: Randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Madhusmita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R8-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2018.1481693","article-title":"Applications of complementary therapies during rehabilitation for individuals with traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Findings from the SCIRehab Project","volume":"42","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"R9-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000314667.16386.5e","article-title":"Mind-body interventions: Applications in neurology","volume":"70","author":"Wahbeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R10-5-20240903","first-page":"461","article-title":"Regression of coronary atherosclerosis through healthy lifestyle in coronary artery disease patients\u2014Mount Abu Open Heart Trial","volume":"63","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"R11-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_32_17","article-title":"The role of Rajyoga meditation for modulation of anxiety and serum cortisol in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A prospective randomized control study","volume":"20","author":"Kiran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R14-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"R15-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100504","article-title":"SCIM\u2014spinal cord independence measure: A new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions","volume":"35","author":"Catz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"R16-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667","article-title":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group","volume":"28","author":"Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R18-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028931","article-title":"Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"139","author":"Sowislo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R19-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700011831","article-title":"Social support, self-esteem and depression","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R20-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200401000-00006","article-title":"Mind-body therapies for the management of pain","volume":"20","author":"Astin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R21-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31825e1492","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain","volume":"29","author":"Cramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"R22-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S130530","article-title":"Evaluation of a specialized yoga program for persons with a spinal cord injury: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Curtis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"R24-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12238","article-title":"Systematic review of psychosocial interventions for people with spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation: Implications for evidence-based practice","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid Based Nurs"},{"key":"R25-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.2307\/2095612","article-title":"Life stress and health: Stressors and resources","volume":"54","author":"Lin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"R26-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.3.486","article-title":"The impact of daily stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators","volume":"54","author":"DeLongis","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"R27-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01032.x","article-title":"Yoga therapy as an add-on treatment in the management of patients with schizophrenia A randomized controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Duraiswamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"R28-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.102414","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of add-on yogasana intervention in stabilized outpatient schizophrenia: Randomized controlled comparison with exercise and waitlist","volume":"54","author":"Varambally","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R29-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129534.88602.5C","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of yoga and exercise in multiple sclerosis","volume":"62","author":"Oken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R30-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.03.006","article-title":"Influence of sports climbing and yoga on spasticity, cognitive function, mood and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"112","author":"Velikonja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"R31-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-010-0009-2","article-title":"The effects of a yoga intervention on balance, speed and endurance of walking, fatigue and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"R32-5-20240903","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applications of yoga in Parkinson's disease: A systematic literature review","volume":"4","author":"Roland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Rev Parkinsonism"},{"key":"R33-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00201","article-title":"Greater cortical thickness in elderly female yoga practitioners A cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Afonso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R34-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000186598.66243.19","article-title":"Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness","volume":"16","author":"Lazar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"R35-5-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1707827","article-title":"Meditation and telomere length: A meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Schutte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Health"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Yoga"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_68_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:23:55Z","timestamp":1787844235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijoy.IJOY_68_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoy.ijoy_68_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-6131"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-6131","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}