{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:19:02Z","timestamp":1787750342625,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the cytotoxic efficacy and interaction dynamics of curcumin, morin, and phyllanthin \u2013 individually and in dual (C + M) and triple (C + M + P) combinations \u2013 in estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay after 24 h of treatment with varying concentrations of the phytochemicals. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations were determined, and interaction effects were analyzed using the Combination Index (CI) model. Two-way ANOVA was used to quantify compound contributions and the statistical significance of interactions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n The Curcumin + Morin (C + M) combination exhibited additive cytotoxic effects in both MDA-MB-231 (CI = 0.881) and MCF-7 (CI = 0.860) cells, showing significant dose-dependent inhibition (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Addition of phyllanthin (C + M + P) further enhanced cytotoxicity, resulting in additive interaction in MDA-MB-231 (CI = 0.864) and synergistic interaction in MCF-7 (CI = 0.684). Contribution analysis indicated that phyllanthin, despite low individual potency, accounted for approximately 50%\u201355% of total cytotoxicity by amplifying the effects of curcumin and morin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Combinations of curcumin, morin, and phyllanthin demonstrate subtype-dependent cytotoxic enhancement, with synergy evident in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells. These findings support the potential of phytochemical co-treatment as a complementary approach to improve therapeutic efficacy through multi-pathway modulation while minimizing toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.ijp_1281_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T18:00:20Z","timestamp":1782410420000},"page":"420-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combinatorial effects of curcumin, morin, and phyllanthin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Vuppaladadium","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division 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