{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:19:20Z","timestamp":1787750360782,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and several other malignancies, activating mutations within the EGFR kinase domain lead to persistent receptor activation and uncontrolled downstream signalling. Over the past two decades, X-ray crystallographic studies and structural data deposited in the Protein Data Bank have significantly enhanced our understanding of EGFR activation mechanisms, mutation-driven conformational changes, and inhibitor binding interactions. This review provides a critical evaluation of structural insights obtained from crystal structures of wild-type and mutant EGFR, with particular focus on clinically important mutations such as L858R, T790M, and C797S. These mutations induce specific alterations in activation loop positioning, \u03b1C-helix orientation, and ATP-binding pocket architecture, thereby influencing drug binding affinity and therapeutic response. The structural basis for the evolution of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors\u2014from first-generation reversible inhibitors to mutant-selective covalent agents\u2014is discussed in relation to emerging resistance mechanisms. Although structural characterisation has substantially contributed to rational drug design, the ongoing development of resistance mutations highlights the need to integrate crystallographic data with tumour biology and resistance pathways to achieve more durable therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.ijp_1341_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T18:00:10Z","timestamp":1782410410000},"page":"319-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidermal growth factor receptor as a target enzyme in cancer therapy: Structural and functional insights from crystallography"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Vidya Kishanrao","family":"Magar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karna","family":"Khavane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dr.Vedprakash Patil Pharmacy College, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Wagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Shelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Padul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, 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