{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:44Z","timestamp":1787775824299,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Status epilepticus (SE) is a severe form of epilepsy with neurological sequelae and high mortality. Considering the neuromodulatory effects of Vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), this study investigated the potential role of Vit-D3 alone and in combination with antiseizure medications (ASMs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Wistar rats were assigned into seven groups: SE-control, healthy control, valproate (VPA) (370 mg\/kg), perampanel (PER) (1.5 mg\/kg), Vit-D3 (6000 IU\/kg\/day), VPA + Vit-D3, and PER + Vit-D3. After 14 days of pretreatment, SE was induced by LiCl-pilocarpine administration, followed by acute (17 days) and long-term (29 days) drug effect studies. Seizure details and learning-memory were assessed along with evaluation of brain tissue for neurodegeneration (electronmicroscopy), histopathology, neuronal viability (neuron-specific nuclear protein), reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) by immunohistochemistry, total antioxidant capacity, and neuroinflammation biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vit-D3 combination with VPA or PER significantly reduced the percentage of rats experiencing stage-3\/4 seizures and increased latency compared to the SE-control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Drug-treated groups had better memory retention (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) than SE-control, with significantly better protection in the combination group. In immunohistochemistry, Vit-D3 in combination with ASMs had less neurodegeneration and reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Through electron microscopy, the SE-control group exhibited significant damage in hippocampus\u2019s myelin sheath and axons (grade 3) on days 17 and 29. Vit-D3 alone and in combination with ASMs attenuated these changes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), with combination groups showing the least neurodegeneration (day 29).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vit-D3 supplementation, especially in combination with ASMs, showed promising neuroprotective effects in the SE model in rats by improving seizure control, memory, hippocampal health, and antioxidant levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.ijp_484_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T07:00:13Z","timestamp":1772434813000},"page":"85-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroprotective effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation combination with valproate and perampanel in an experimental model using status epilepticus induction"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sudhir Chandra","family":"Sarangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surabhi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deeksha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical 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India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surender","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjari","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2022.07.006","article-title":"Status Epilepticus: A Neurologic Emergency","volume":"39","author":"Coppler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"R3-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108649","article-title":"Modafinil exerts anticonvulsive effects 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