{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:49:23Z","timestamp":1793332163070,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study explores nosodes (potentized medicines derived from microbes), as alternative antimicrobial measures against infections. Different nosodes were tested for efficacy against pathogens in clinical urine samples, comparing them with Gentamicin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluating the efficacy of potentized medicines against microbes found in urine samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The test samples were added to the sterile 96 well plates with 150 \u03bcL of sterile media followed by bacteria-positive clinical urine samples (10 \u03bcL), and the plate was incubated at 37\u00b0C. After 72 h, optical density was measured. Reduction in bacterial growth was calculated as the antibacterial potential of the drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      poly-nosode 100C exhibited the highest efficacy at 93.79%, followed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      100C (89.27%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      200C (79.61%), and Syphilinum 30C (78.76%) against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The average efficacy against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      for the 27 test samples studied was 72.32%, (verses Gentamicin 74.25%). The highest efficacy at 92.79% was observed with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      poly-nosode followed by methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphyloccus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) 30C (92.29%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      50C (92.29%), Cantharis 30C (90.95%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      30C poly-nosode (81.35%). Cantharis 30C at 86.53% and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      200C at 78.02% were effective against the mixed infection of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The average efficacy of nosodes against this mixed infection was 63.53%, while Gentamicin demonstrated 61.97% efficacy. MRSA 100C showed the highest efficacy at 52.37% against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and an average efficacy of 44.5% was noted with test samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study unveils the therapeutic potential of homeopathic medicines against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.ijp_517_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T06:00:33Z","timestamp":1740031233000},"page":"405-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating the anti-bacterial activities of potentized medicines on the clinical isolates from the urine samples"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Normi","family":"Gajjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gitanjali","family":"Talele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Biosimilia Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurang B","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Biosimilia Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1727149","article-title":"In-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Candida albicans nosodes","volume":"111","author":"Munshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"R3-20250220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7168.183879","article-title":"Standardization of the potentizing machine and quantification of the impact of potentization","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Res Homoeopathy"},{"key":"R4-20250220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim-2013-0006","article-title":"Antiplasmodial potential of homeopathic drugs Chelidonium and nosode against 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strains","volume":"110","author":"Munshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"R14-20250220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710044","article-title":"Preparation and standardization of Escherichia coli nosodes sourced from select E. coli strains","volume":"109","author":"Munshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"R15-20250220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2016.02.006","article-title":"Preparation, standardization and in vitro safety testing of Mycobacterium nosodes (Emtact- polyvalent nosode)","volume":"105","author":"Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"R17-20250220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.05.017","article-title":"Prevalence of alcohol-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens on public hand sanitizer dispensers","volume":"127","author":"Yeung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijp.ijp_517_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:45Z","timestamp":1787068005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijp.ijp_517_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijp.ijp_517_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0253-7613","1998-3751"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0253-7613","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3751","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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