{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:35:03Z","timestamp":1787758503703,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Neuroendocrine neoplasms are derived from the epithelial lineages mainly of respiratory tract, with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. There are only a handful of documented cases of paranasal small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNEC) with primary orbital involvement. Here, the authors describe a 33-year-old male patient with rapidly progressive swelling of the right lower lid with proptosis since 4 weeks. On contrast-MRI orbit, an ill-defined multilobulated mass measuring 3.6 \u00d7 3.1 cm with intense homogenous enhancement was seen in the right retrobulbar space involving the right ethmoid sinus. On incisional biopsy, a poorly differentiated mass containing numerous small round blue cells and scanty intervening stroma with prominent necrosis and apoptosis was seen. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for synaptophysin. He was diagnosed as a case of SNEC and received chemotherapy, with good response till date of 9 months of follow up. The authors present a literature review and describe challenges in management of a primary orbital SNEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_1144_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:09:35Z","timestamp":1668564575000},"page":"155-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with primary orbital involvement \u2013 The unseen, and a review of literature"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Sahil","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarush","family":"Deora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saloni","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepsekhar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.04.009","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: An analysis of the National Cancer Database","volume":"69","author":"Pointer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R3-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100063660","article-title":"Oat-cell carcinoma and paranasal sinuses","volume":"79","author":"Raychowdhuri","year":"1965","journal-title":"J LaryngolOtol"},{"key":"R4-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21940","article-title":"Multimodality treatment for sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"R5-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390014","article-title":"Esthesioneuroblastoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: Differentiation in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R6-29-20240829","first-page":"486","article-title":"High grade neuroendocrine neoplasm of the antrum and orbit","volume":"60","author":"MacIntosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"SurvOphthalmol"},{"key":"R7-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821201)50:11<2388::AID-CNCR2820501126>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Neuroblastomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the nasal cavity: A proposed new classification","volume":"50","author":"Silva","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R8-29-20240829","first-page":"329","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the head and neck: A selected review with emphasis on terminology","volume":"7","author":"Mills","year":"1996","journal-title":"EndocrPathol"},{"key":"R9-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181ebb56f","article-title":"North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS). 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A clinical analysis of 17 cases","volume":"37","author":"Kadish","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R12-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3109\/00016480903148274","article-title":"Sino-nasal neuro-endocrine carcinoma","volume":"130","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R13-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-008-0061-6","article-title":"Sinonasal neuro endocrine carcinoma extending into orbit - a case report","volume":"60","author":"Renuka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ind J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R14-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.034","article-title":"Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"70","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R15-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2013.772209","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma masquerading as cellulitis and causing blindness via bilateral orbital involvement","volume":"32","author":"Atik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"R16-29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2018.07.003","article-title":"Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the orbit presenting as an orbital abscess in a young female","volume":"33","author":"Mittal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_1144_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1787757362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_1144_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_1144_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}