{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:30:00Z","timestamp":1787070600931,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phaeohyphomycosis refers to infections caused by phaeoid\/dematiaceous or darkly pigmented fungi. This study was undertaken to further increase our knowledge about the incidence of phaeohyphomycosis and its causative agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was conducted over a period of one and a half years (January 2018\u2013June 2019) on specimens received from patients with varied clinical manifestations ranging from superficial infections, subcutaneous cysts, pneumonia, brain abscess to a disseminated infection. These specimens were processed in the Department of Microbiology for potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination and culture and in Pathology for cytology\/histopathological examination (HPE). All specimens positive on direct examination for dark grey, brown or black fungi were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 20 specimens were confirmed as phaeohyphomycosis. Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 41 to 50 years. Male: Female ratio was 2.3:1. Trauma was the most common risk factor. Spectra of the isolated fungal pathogens comprised of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bipolaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Exophiala<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Curvularia geniculata, Phialemonium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Daldinia eschscholtzii, Hypoxylon anthochroum, Phaeoacremonium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptosphaerulina australis, Medicopsis romeroi, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Eutypella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chaetomium globosum, Alternaria<\/jats:italic>\n                      species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cladophialophora bantiana<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 2 unidentified dematiaceous fungi. Recovery from phaeohyphomycosis was seen in 12 patients, 7 were lost to follow up and one patient succumbed to the illness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections caused by phaeoid fungi can no longer be viewed as rare. In fact, phaeohyphomycosis can have myriad of presentations spanning from mild cutaneous infections to fatal brain disease. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose such infections. The primary treatment modality remains surgical removal of the lesion in cutaneous or subcutaneous infections however disseminated disease with a guarded prognosis requires aggressive management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_204_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T02:34:33Z","timestamp":1717036473000},"page":"314-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phaeohyphomycosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reetu","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Attri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagdish","family":"Chander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.007","article-title":"Dematiaceous molds","volume":"30","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"R2-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1159\/000506432","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis: Cytomorphologic evaluation in eleven cases","volume":"64","author":"Kundu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"R4-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2003.15.Supplement-2.36","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and therapy of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi","volume":"15","author":"Brandt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"R5-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.134666","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of melanin production by fungi: Study on tissue sections and culture smears with Masson-Fontana stain","volume":"57","author":"Sundaram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02413-16","article-title":"Molecular and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry characterization of clinically significant melanized fungi in India","volume":"55","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R7-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019570","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019570","article-title":"Black molds and melanized yeasts pathogenic to humans","volume":"5","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"R8-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1086\/597400","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis in a tertiary carecancer center","volume":"48","author":"Ben-Ami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofx200","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx200","article-title":"A mycoses study group international prospective study of phaeohyphomycosis: An analysis of 99 proven\/probable cases","volume":"4","author":"Revankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myv091","article-title":"Brain abscess due to Cladophialophora bantiana: A review of 124 cases","volume":"54","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"R11-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1612_18","article-title":"Causative fungi and treatment outcome of dematiaceous fungal keratitis in north India","volume":"67","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.02.001","article-title":"Peritonitis by Exophiala dermatitidis in a pediatric patient","volume":"24","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"R13-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.05.007","article-title":"Exserohilum Infections Working Group. Exserohilum infections associated with contaminated steroid injections: A clinicopathologic review of 40 cases","volume":"183","author":"Ritter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R14-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2013.05.002","article-title":"Eumycetoma of the foot caused by Exophiala jeanselmei in a Guinean woman","volume":"23","author":"Desoubeaux","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"R15-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.653834","article-title":"First report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Ochroconis tshawytschae in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"50","author":"Ge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"R16-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.198770","article-title":"Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent Individual: A case report","volume":"8","author":"Chintagunta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R17-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx163.038","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis: A 10-year review (2006\u20132016)","volume":"4","author":"Sundaramoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001261","article-title":"Facial phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent individual: A rare presentation of a rare fungus","volume":"41","author":"Kapatia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R19-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2015.03.002","article-title":"An unusual skin lesion caused by Lasiodiploidia theobromae","volume":"8","author":"Papacostas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"R20-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.07.006","article-title":"Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis from Medicopsis romeroi in a diabetic patient","volume":"26","author":"Chanyachailert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"R21-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2200-2","article-title":"Genome analysis of Daldinia eschscholtzii strains UM 1400 and UM 1020, wood-decaying fungi isolated from human hosts","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"R22-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.136595","article-title":"An atypical presentation of rare dematiaceous fungus","volume":"32","author":"Karthika","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R23-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2013.10.002","article-title":"Ethmoid-orbital mycetoma caused by Bipolaris sp. Case report","volume":"66","author":"de Sousa Fontes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol\u00f3gica Esp"},{"key":"R24-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2018.06.014","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds from Hypoxylon anthochroum endophytic strains as postharvest mycofumigation alternative for cherry tomatoes","volume":"76","author":"Rubalcava","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"R25-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2012.754401","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis due to fungi other than Aspergillus: A global overview","volume":"40","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R26-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02648-10","article-title":"Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent individual due to Thielavia subthermophila: Case report and review of literature","volume":"49","author":"Badali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R27-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12290","article-title":"A case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Fonsecaea monophora, a neurotropic dematiaceous fungus and a review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"Doymaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoses"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_204_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:31:53Z","timestamp":1787067113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_204_21"}},"subtitle":["A study from tertiary health care center in North India"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_204_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}}}