{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:27Z","timestamp":1786728627031,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bullous spectrum of cutaneous lichen planus has two distinct forms lichen planus pemphigoids (LPPs) and bullous lichen planus (BLP). There is paucity of literature on the clinical, histopathological, and immunological profile of this rare presentation. We aim to describe the clinical, histological, and immunological features of this distinct form further proposing an algorithmic approach for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study and reviewed cases of LPP and BLP which were diagnosed in the last 10 years (2011\u201321). Relevant information (clinical presentation, histology, immunofluorescence finding) was noted on pre-structured proforma and was analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 1960 biopsies of cutaneous lichen planus, only 21 cases had clinical suspected bullous presentation while immunofluorescence was received for only 16 cases. BLP was seen in the younger age group in comparison with LPPs (25.7 years vs 36.8 years). Bulla was seen in all cases. Dermo-epidermal junctional split was seen in all cases of BLP and LPP. On direct immunofluorescence (DIF) all the cases of LPP either had 1-2+ IgG and\/or C3 while cases of BLP were not immunoreactive or had only colloid bodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study describes in detail the clinicopathological profile of BLP and LPP and reiterates the importance of DIF during workup to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_320_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T08:01:59Z","timestamp":1738915319000},"page":"333-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Navigating through the complexities of bullous presentation of cutaneous lichen planus: A comparative study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Pragya","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chander","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and STD, UCMS and GTB Hospital, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, AIIMS, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15432","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15432","article-title":"Lichen planus pemphigoides: A unique form of bullous and lichenoid eruptions secondary to nivolumab","volume":"35","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"R2-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_275_21","article-title":"Bullous lichen planus vs lichen planus pemphigoides: A diagnostic dilemma","volume":"13","author":"Tripathy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R3-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01389","article-title":"Lichen planus pemphigoides: From lichenoid inflammation to autoantibody-mediated blistering","volume":"10","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R4-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13808","article-title":"Challenges and pitfalls between lichen planus pemphigoides and bullous lichen planus","volume":"63","author":"Papara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.175928","article-title":"Clinical, demographic and immunopathological spectrum of subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases at a tertiary center: A 1-year audit","volume":"82","author":"De","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R6-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssdds.2013.12.003","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of cutaneous lichen planus","volume":"19","author":"Parihar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dermatol Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14478","article-title":"Introducing a novel histopathological scoring system to assess disease activity and chronicity in cutaneous lichen planus: A proposal","volume":"50","author":"Dixit","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"R8-20250721","first-page":"742826","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: A comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis","author":"Gorouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal 2014"},{"key":"R9-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.4238\/vol10-3gmr1137","article-title":"Genetic linkage analysis of oral lichen planus in a Chinese family","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"R10-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2009.00988.x","article-title":"Childhood lichen planus pemphigoides: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3315\/jdcr.2017.1239","article-title":"Bullous lichen planus - A review","volume":"11","author":"Liakopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Case Rep"},{"key":"R12-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2020.3792","article-title":"Dermpath and clinic: Lichen planus pemphigoides","volume":"30","author":"Mangin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-20250721","first-page":"345","article-title":"Lichen ruber pemphigoides","volume":"24","author":"Kaposi","year":"1882","journal-title":"Arch Derm Syph"},{"key":"R14-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02292.x","article-title":"Spectrum of autoimmune bullous diseases in Kuwait","volume":"43","author":"Nanda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R15-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.146169","article-title":"Childhood lichen planus pemphigoides triggered by chickenpox","volume":"5","author":"Mohanarao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R16-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2015.04.001","article-title":"Update on lichen planus and its clinical variants","volume":"1","author":"Weston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"R17-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1989.tb00914.x","article-title":"Bullous lichen planus and lichen planus pemphigoides-clinico- pathological comparisons","volume":"14","author":"Gawkrodger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R18-20250721","first-page":"224","article-title":"Lichen planus pemphigoides in an Indian female","volume":"50","author":"Mendiratta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16047","article-title":"A novel dermoscopic finding-lichen planus pemphigoides","volume":"61","author":"Makhecha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05693.x","article-title":"Lichen planus pemphigoides: Four new cases and a review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"Zaraa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-20250721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00618.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies in lichen planus pemphigoides react with a novel epitope within the C-terminal NC16A domain of BP180","volume":"113","author":"Zillikens","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_320_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:29:30Z","timestamp":1786724970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_320_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_320_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929","0974-5130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5130","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}