{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:28:13Z","timestamp":1787772493762,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to analyze and review the clinical and histopathological aspects of oro-facial tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen cases of oral mucosal biopsies diagnosed as granulomatous pathology consistent with tuberculosis were retrieved from the data base and clinical information and histopathological findings were analyzed retrospectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the total 16 cases, 12 were males while 4 were females. The age ranged from 15-70 years (mean of 39.6 years). Buccal mucosa, as an involved site, was seen in 31% of cases, while tonsil and soft palate constituted 3 cases each. Duration of symptoms ranged from 01-12 months (mean of 5.3 months). Oral examination revealed ulceroproliferative lesions in majority of the cases. Of sixteen cases, six cases (37.5%) each primarily as well as secondarily involved oral cavity while in 25% (4\/16) of cases the status could not be evaluated. On histopathology, caseating granulomas were seen in 7 of 16 cases (43.75%) and non-caseating granulomas were seen in rest 56.25% of cases. Ziehl Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli was positive in 31.25% (5\/16) of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though unusual, tuberculosis should always be included in the differentials of oral lesions in a country endemic to tuberculosis like India. Histopathological evaluation of the biopsy remains the indispensible tool to diagnose oro-facial tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_413_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T04:11:46Z","timestamp":1717042306000},"page":"250-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oro-facial tuberculosis - Is it still an enigmatic entity?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Latika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha 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