{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:26:08Z","timestamp":1783416368274,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer is the second most common cause of mortality in developing countries after cardiac diseases. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer. Sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, can modulate various biological processes resulting in cell proliferation, evasion, and apoptosis. While the involvement of estrogen and progesterone has been proven in multiple cancers, including laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, breast, and prostate, the present study attempted to explore the role of these hormones in OSCCs within the South Indian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the expression pattern of estrogen receptor alpha (ER\u03b1) and progesterone receptor (PR) in dysplastic and OSCC tissues in comparison to normal tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty participants, each with normal, dysplastic, and OSCC tissues (Groups A, B, and C, respectively), were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were used to assess the ER\u03b1 and PR expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the kit method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The difference in the expression pattern of ER\u03b1 and PR among OSCC, dysplastic, and normal groups was shown to be statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), according to the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test. A pairwise comparison of ER\u03b1 and PR expression using the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      Bonferroni test also showed a significant association (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) between the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The precise role of hormones in OSCC has been less explored in the literature. Therefore, the significant expression of ER\u03b1 and PR observed in dysplastic and OSCC groups in this study may elucidate their roles in tumor development and progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_471_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:26:16Z","timestamp":1782858376000},"page":"275-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantification of estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor expression in normal, dysplastic, and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues in South Indian population: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Tarakeshwar S.","family":"Davay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and 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