{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:28:18Z","timestamp":1786649298779,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass comprising myeloid blasts with or without maturation occurring in any site other than bone marrow. It is a rare and distinct clinical presentation of myeloid neoplasm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study over 7 years (2015\u20132022) comprising a series of eight cases, which includes clinical details, morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, cytogenetics, and molecular details.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These cases showed up as an isolated MS (3\/8), as an initial clinical presentation in acute myeloid leukemia (1\/8), as acute myeloid leukemia (1\/8), as a disease progression in primary myelofibrosis (1\/8), as chronic myeloid leukemia (1\/8), and as BCR-ABL-negative myelodysplastic syndrome\/myeloproliferative neoplasm (1\/8). One of the three isolated MS was incorrectly identified as having Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. One case each presented at the cervical lymph node, mediastinum, skin, sacral soft tissue, maxillary sinus, and perinephric fat, and two cases presented at the hard palate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four of the cases in our study were clinically thought of as lymphoma\/sarcoma, which was a major diagnostic challenge. All but one case succumbed to their disease. Without adequate clinical history and appropriate use of ancillary techniques such as IHC in tissue biopsies, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular studies, these cases have a high chance of being misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, small round blue cell tumor, or undifferentiated carcinomas, which can complicate patient management and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_474_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T10:00:13Z","timestamp":1718964013000},"page":"113-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Myeloid sarcoma: Experience from a tertiary care center in southern India \u2013 A series of eight unusual cases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Roobashri","family":"Murugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuppuswamy Chandrasekaran","family":"Sharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bheemanathi Hanuman","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debdatta","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhee","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sree Rekha","family":"Jinkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norton","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.55231","article-title":"Multicentric extramedullary myeloid tumor","volume":"26","author":"Dhingra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"R3-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021339","DOI":"10.4322\/acr.2021.339","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma:An uncommon presentation of myeloid neoplasms;a case series of 4 rare cases reported in a tertiary care institute","volume":"11","author":"Toyaja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autopsy Case Rep"},{"key":"R4-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2017.02.027","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma:Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"17","author":"Almond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"R5-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.2798.2798","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma:The mayo clinic experience of ninety six case series","volume":"128","author":"Yui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R6-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.31557\/apjcc.2021.6.4.533-537","article-title":"Rare case of mediastinal myeloid sarcoma","volume":"6","author":"Devi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Care"},{"key":"R7-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1742079","article-title":"Spine myeloid sarcoma:A case series with review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"key":"R8-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810915)48:6<1426::AID-CNCR2820480626>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma:A clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases","volume":"48","author":"Neiman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R9-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2016.06.014","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of myeloid sarcoma:Report of 39 cases and literature review","volume":"212","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"R10-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000253592","article-title":"Prognostic factors of treatment outcomes in patients with granulocytic sarcoma","volume":"122","author":"Lan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"R11-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2015.5709","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of isolated myeloid sarcoma:A case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Hagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hematol Rep"},{"key":"R12-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.963080","article-title":"Presentation and outcomes among patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma:A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis","volume":"56","author":"Movassaghian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"R13-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.4.690","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma is associated with the 8;21 translocation in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Tallman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R14-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-347229","article-title":"How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"118","author":"Bakst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R15-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010290108735","article-title":"Bilateral exophthalmus due to retro-orbital chloromas in a boy with t(8;21)-positive acute myeloblastic leukemia","volume":"19","author":"B\u00f6nig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R16-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.2.466","article-title":"Extramedullary leukemia adversely affects hematologic complete remission rate and overall survival in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22):Results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 8461","volume":"15","author":"Byrd","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R17-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402958","article-title":"Outcome in patients with nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Tsimberidou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"R18-20250411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.057","article-title":"Radiation Therapy for Chloroma (Granulocytic Sarcoma)","volume":"82","author":"Bakst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"R19-20250411","first-page":"e523168","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma:Clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and outcome analysis of 21 adult patients","volume":"2011","author":"Al-Khateeb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk Res Treat"},{"key":"R20-20250411","first-page":"606","article-title":"[Clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis of myeloid sarcoma","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_474_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:52:03Z","timestamp":1786647123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_474_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_474_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929","0974-5130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5130","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}