{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:35:16Z","timestamp":1787070916081,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic challenges in osteosarcoma arise in small biopsies with under-representation of the lesion and scant or absent osteoid matrix.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to validate the utility of SATB2 antibody in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma and differentiate it from its histological mimics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 70 histologically proven cases of osteosarcomas and 97 other histological mimics were included in the study. IHC was performed using SATB2 monoclonal antibody.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SATB2 antibody revealed nuclear positivity in all 70 (100%) cases of osteosarcoma. The majority of the conventional osteosarcomas (30 cases, 55.6%) showed 5+ score with a strong-staining intensity. Parosteal osteosarcomas and low-grade central osteosarcoma displayed less extensive staining compared to conventional osteosarcomas. The benign bone-forming tumors (osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma) showed intense nuclear staining in nearly 100% of the cells. Fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, callus formation, and myositis ossificans also showed nuclear positivity predominantly along the osteoid. Enchondromas and grade 1 and 2 conventional chondrosarcomas were negative. Positive staining was observed in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma, and desmoplastic fibroma. The other tumors like Ewing sarcoma, lymphoma, chordomas, and undifferentiated sarcomas were negative. Thus, SATB2 can be used to differentiate small-cell osteosarcoma from round-cell sarcomas and enchondroma and chondrosarcomas (grade 1 and 2) from chondroblastic osteosarcoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It can be used as a useful adjunct in specific settings where osteoid is equivocal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_631_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T05:00:15Z","timestamp":1749445215000},"page":"518-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SATB2 immunohistochemistry in osteosarcoma: Utility in diagnosis and differentiation from histologic mimics"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Supriya","family":"Gangula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Nizam\u2019s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monalisa","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Nizam\u2019s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantveer G.","family":"Uppin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Nizam\u2019s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B Arvind","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Nizam\u2019s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K Nageshwara","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Nizam\u2019s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B Rajeev","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Apollo Hospital, Udai Omni Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Sadashivudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam\u2019s Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251031","first-page":"705","article-title":"Osteosarcoma: A review of diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies","volume":"8","author":"Geller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R2-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000001","article-title":"SATB2 is a novel marker of osteoblastic differentiation and colorectal adenocarcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"R3-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12138","article-title":"SATB2 is a novel marker of osteoblastic differentiation in bone and soft tissue tumours","volume":"63","author":"Conner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"R4-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2021.12.011","article-title":"SOX9 and SATB2 immunohistochemistry cannot reliably distinguish between osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma on biopsy material","volume":"121","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R5-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12911","article-title":"Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) expression is sensitive but may not be specific for osteosarcoma as compared with other high-grade primary bone sarcomas","volume":"69","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"R6-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2016.06.012","article-title":"The utility of SATB2 immunohistochemical expression in distinguishing between osteosarcomas and their malignant bone tumor mimickers, such as Ewing sarcomas and chondrosarcomas","volume":"212","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"R7-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2022.07.11","article-title":"Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) in the differential diagnosis of osteogenic and non-osteogenic bone and soft tissue tumors","volume":"56","author":"Milton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pathol Transl Med"},{"key":"R8-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760170015","article-title":"Cartilaginous lesions of bone","volume":"6","author":"Unni","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"R9-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-013-1399-z","article-title":"Dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) is a marker of bone-forming tumours","volume":"462","author":"Kashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"R10-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-014-1706-3","article-title":"Dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) is a marker of bone formation and mineralisation in soft tissue tumours","volume":"466","author":"Inagaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"R11-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/108.4.464","article-title":"Osteocalcin and osteonectin immunoreactivity in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma","volume":"108","author":"Fanburg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R12-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2006.01.015","article-title":"Ezrin in osteosarcoma: Comparison between conventional high-grade and central low-grade osteosarcoma","volume":"202","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"R13-20251031","first-page":"837543","article-title":"Correlations of ezrin expression with pathological characteristics and prognosis of osteosarcoma: A meta analysis","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal 2014"},{"key":"R14-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-008-0692-8","article-title":"Ezrin immunohistochemical expression in cartilaginous tumours: A useful tool for differential diagnosis between chondroblastic osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma","volume":"454","author":"Salas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"R15-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.10.028","article-title":"Galectin-1 is a powerful marker to distinguish chondroblastic osteosarcoma and conventional chondrosarcoma","volume":"41","author":"Gomez-Brouchet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R16-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10010004","article-title":"SATB2 and MDM2 immunoexpression and diagnostic role in primary osteosarcomas of the jaw","volume":"10","author":"Owosho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"R17-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.10.025","article-title":"SATB2 is not a reliable diagnostic marker for distinguishing between oral osteosarcoma and fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws","volume":"131","author":"Grad-Akrish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R18-20251031","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Expression of collagen type II, s100b, s100a2 and osteocalcin in chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"R19-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.23075","article-title":"Mesenchymalchondrosarcoma of the head and neck with HEY1: NCOA2 fusion: A clinicopathologic and molecular study of 13 cases with emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls","volume":"61","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"R20-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_265_21","article-title":"Anti Histone H3.3 G34W antibody is a sensitive and highly specific immunohistochemistry marker for the diagnosis of Giant cell tumor of bone. A validation based on analysis of 198 cases from a single centre in India","volume":"65","author":"Kamble","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R21-20251031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2814","article-title":"Distinct H3F3A and H3F3B driver mutations define chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"45","author":"Behjati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_631_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:38:50Z","timestamp":1787067530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_631_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_631_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929","0974-5130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5130","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}