{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:47:38Z","timestamp":1787071658217,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Previous studies have demonstrated the significant increase in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Both HIV and MG contribute to renal injury, which has garnered increasing attention. We presented a case of a newly diagnosed HIV patient with co-morbid MG and subsequent or concurrent massive proteinuria. A 61-year-old male with newly diagnosed HIV (viral load: 9.3 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    IU\/mL; CD4 count: 0.18 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L) presented with MG (serum M-spike: 2.34 g\/dL, monoclonal IgG kappa) and concurrent nephrotic-range proteinuria (3.79 g\/day). The renal biopsy revealed minimal change disease (MCD), but did not provide sufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that MG led to renal injury (negative immunofluorescence, no electron-dense deposits). Following alone treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy, the viral ribonucleic acid became undetectable in plasma, and complete remission of nephropathy was achieved. Furthermore, there was no significant improvement in MG. In our case, we speculated that there might be an association between MCD and HIV. However, for MG of undetermined significance (MGUS), longer follow-up surveillance is necessary to establish the clearer relationship among the three.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_775_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T07:00:11Z","timestamp":1762844411000},"page":"895-897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minimal change disease in human immunodeficiency virus combined with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance: A case report"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4 Suppl 3","key":"R1-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19649","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.4.19649","article-title":"Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy in HIV patients in 2014","volume":"17","author":"Genet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"R2-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00489-1","article-title":"Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) at HIV diagnosis in individuals 18-40 years old: A possible HIV indicator condition","volume":"11","author":"Bibas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"Supl 1","key":"R3-20251208","first-page":"S331","article-title":"Association of HIV with MGUS: Retrospective analysis of HIV-positive veterans at the veterans affairs: A pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Joseph","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"R4-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198403153101101","article-title":"Associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"310","author":"Rao","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21562","article-title":"Changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: Incidence, presentation, treatment, and survival","volume":"106","author":"Diamond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R6-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab176","article-title":"Podocytopathy in patients with monoclonal gammopathy: Three patients and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Ribas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"R7-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.9","article-title":"HIV-associated nephropathies: Epidemiology, pathology, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"R8-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0415-3","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with relapse","volume":"36","author":"Sahali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"R9-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr702","article-title":"The spectrum of renal histologies seen in HIV with outcomes, prognostic indicators and clinical correlations","volume":"27","author":"Wearne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"R10-20251208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S267","DOI":"10.1086\/422363","article-title":"HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: An observational study","volume":"39","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_775_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:50:30Z","timestamp":1787068230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_775_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_775_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929","0974-5130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5130","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-11","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}