{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:47:15Z","timestamp":1790812035395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Rosacea, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), and polymorphous light eruption (PLE) can present with overlapping clinical and histopathological features. This study aimed to compare the immunohistochemical and histopathological findings of these lesions and to evaluate the contribution of immunohistochemistry to the differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Histopathological reevaluation was performed on previously diagnosed cases, including 27 DLE, 27 PLE, and 29 rosacea lesions. Immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8, and CD123 was conducted. The CD4\/CD8 ratios of lymphocytic infiltrates and the rates of CD123-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant differences were observed among the groups in several histopathological parameters, including follicular plugging (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003), presence of Demodex (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), dermal edema (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), spongiosis (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.027), mucin deposition (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), and basement membrane thickening (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The percentage of CD123-positive PDCs was significantly higher in DLE compared to rosacea (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005). DLE also showed more clusters of \u2265 20 CD123-positive cells compared to PLE and rosacea (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of CD4\/CD8 ratios (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.058).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The findings highlight practical histopathological and immunohistochemical differences that assist in distinguishing these conditions. Edema and spongiosis favor a diagnosis of PLE, while follicular plugging, mucin deposition, basement membrane thickening, and high CD123-positive PDC ratios are more indicative of DLE. The presence of Demodex organisms supports a diagnosis of rosacea. These observations can contribute to more accurate diagnosis and targeted management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_830_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:04:34Z","timestamp":1777374274000},"page":"289-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Morphological and immunohistochemical (CD4\/CD8 T cell and CD123(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cell ratios) comparative analysis of rosacea, discoid lupus erythematosus, and polymorphous light eruption lesions"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Ozge","family":"Aydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Giresun University Training and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahriye","family":"Kilinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R4-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2008.00343.x","article-title":"Polymorphous light eruption","volume":"24","author":"H\u00f6nigsmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"R7-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.892","article-title":"Comparative analysis of rosacea and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: Histopathologic features, T-cell subsets, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"71","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R8-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000082564","article-title":"Rosacea: An update","volume":"210","author":"Buechner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R9-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310370048","article-title":"Overview of common, rare and atypical manifestations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and histopathological correlates","volume":"19","author":"Obermoser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R10-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01482.x","article-title":"Pinpoint papular variant of polymorphous light eruption: Clinical and pathological correlation","volume":"20","author":"Bansal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R11-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339200100406","article-title":"Prevalence of acne rosacea in a rheumatic skin disease subspecialty clinic","volume":"1","author":"Black","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"R12-20260707","first-page":"127","article-title":"The sunburn cell","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"1987","journal-title":"Photodermatol"},{"key":"R13-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12121","article-title":"Rosacea under the microscope: Characteristic histological findings","volume":"27","author":"Cribier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R14-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32403-X","article-title":"Ocular rosacea. A histologic and immunopathologic study","volume":"97","author":"Hoang-Xuan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x","article-title":"Increased density of Demodex folliculorum and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in subjects with papulopustular rosacea","volume":"15","author":"Georgala","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R16-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06784.x","article-title":"Scarring skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus are characterized by high numbers of skin-homing cytotoxic lymphocytes associated with strong expression of the type I interferon-induced protein MxA","volume":"153","author":"Wenzel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R17-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13930","article-title":"Levels and function of regulatory T cells in patients with polymorphic light eruption: Relation to photohardening","volume":"173","author":"Schweintzger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R18-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14866","article-title":"Cutaneous infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and T regulatory cells in skin lesions of polymorphic light eruption","volume":"32","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R19-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.01.004","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the skin: To sense or not to sense nucleic acids","volume":"21","author":"Conrad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"R21-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2009.06.013","article-title":"Cutaneous distribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lupus erythematosus. Selective tropism at the site of epithelial apoptotic damage","volume":"214","author":"Vermi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"R22-20260707","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2007.00267.x","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are absent in skin lesions of polymorphic light eruption","volume":"23","author":"Wackernagel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_830_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:56:39Z","timestamp":1786647399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_830_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_830_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929","0974-5130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5130","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}