{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:45:46Z","timestamp":1789152346725,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urothelial carcinoma poses a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The recent classification of Tumors of Urinary System by World Health Organization fourth edition) has elucidated its molecular subtypes and its associated prognostic significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used immunohistochemistry marker expression (CK5\/6, CK20, CD44, EGFR) as a surrogate marker, to stratify 150 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma into the intrinsic molecular subtypes. A correlation was also done with immunohistochemical markers p53, p21, E-cadherin and Ki-67.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On subtyping, 47.3% cases were basal, 42.7% luminal and 10% remained unclassified. We did not find GATA3 useful for molecular stratification in our study. Muscle invasion was seen in 59% of basal and 31% of luminal subtype (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016). Squamous differentiation was most commonly associated with basal subtype (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). EGFR expression was seen in 62% of basal and 38% of luminal subtype (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014), and thus can be used as an additional marker for molecular stratification. Overexpression of p53 was seen in 64% cases of muscle invasive and 36% of non-muscle invasive high-grade carcinomas (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). An inverse relationship was observed between p53 and p21 immunoexpression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u20130.494) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001). The overall survival at 1- and 2-year interval was more in the luminal subtype, suggesting an early mortality in basal group, (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.827), and at 6 years both the groups had almost similar results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-grade urothelial carcinoma is challenging in terms of therapeutic strategy. Increased understanding of underlying molecular basis helps identifying targetable treatment options, and newer biomarkers will enhance predictive and prognostic stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_95_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T15:34:59Z","timestamp":1724945699000},"page":"832-838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular stratification of high-grade urothelial carcinoma by immunohistochemistry with its histomorphological and clinical correlation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Gurudutt","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajee","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anila","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Durga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Kamboj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupal","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.07.062","article-title":"Bladder cancer: Epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis","volume":"66","author":"Kirkali","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R2-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R3-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262330","article-title":"The health economics of bladder cancer: A comprehensive review of the published literature","volume":"21","author":"Botteman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"R4-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2770","article-title":"New strategies in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: On the road to personalized medicine","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R5-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.01.009","article-title":"Identification of distinct basal and luminal subtypesof muscle-invasive bladder cancer with different sensitivities to frontline chemotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"R7-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_246_17","article-title":"Role of p53 and Ki-67 immunomarkers in carcinoma of urinary bladder","volume":"60","author":"Thakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R8-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.14.1072","article-title":"Effect of p21WAF1\/CIP1 expression on tumor progression in bladder cancer","volume":"90","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R9-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411103311903","article-title":"Accumulation of nuclear p53 and tumor progression in bladder cancer","volume":"331","author":"Esrig","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.08.036","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the luminal and basal subtypes of bladder cancer and the identification of signature immunohistochemical markers for clinical use","volume":"12","author":"Dadhania","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"R11-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002077","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002077","article-title":"EGFR status in oral squamous cell carcinoma: comparing immunohistochemistry, FISH and CISH detection in a case series study","volume":"3","author":"Bernardes","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R12-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/15321819.2016.1146757","article-title":"Prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression profile of epidermal growth factor receptor in urothelial bladder cancer","volume":"37","author":"Arfaoui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunoassay Immunochem"},{"key":"R13-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.129","article-title":"Intrinsic basal and luminal subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"R14-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287216638981","article-title":"Molecular substratification of bladder cancer: Moving towards individualized patient management","volume":"8","author":"Mitra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"R15-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.1771","article-title":"Prospective study of FGFR3 mutations as a prognostic factor in non muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinomas","volume":"24","author":"Hernandez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R16-16-20240829","first-page":"82","article-title":"Age distribution types of bladder cancers and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking","volume":"6","author":"Aliramaji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"R17-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.907","article-title":"Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"43","author":"Gui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R18-16-20240829","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prognostic significance of survivin, \u03b2-catenin and p53 expression in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Senol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"R19-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.05.004","article-title":"Comprehensive transcriptional analysis of early-stage urothelial carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"R20-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02618-5","article-title":"Immunohistochemical assessment of basal and luminal markers in non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder","volume":"475","author":"Rodriguez Pena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"R22-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.08.041","article-title":"Simple and efficient stratification of invasive bladder cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Zoidakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"R23-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-150037","article-title":"Bladder cancer molecular taxonomy: Summary from a consensus meeting","volume":"2","author":"Lerner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"R24-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.088","article-title":"Ki-67 expression as a predictive factor of muscle invasion in bladder cancer","volume":"6","author":"Warli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"R25-16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02593-x","article-title":"Predicting outcomes in non-muscle invasive (Ta\/T1) bladder cancer: The role of molecular grade based on luminal\/basal phenotype","volume":"475","author":"Rebola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_95_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:11:45Z","timestamp":1787771505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_95_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_95_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-4929"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-4929","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}