{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:36:30Z","timestamp":1772775390538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":915,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction: Upper brachial plexus injury in adults causes loss of elbow fl exion; when the primary nerve surgery has failed or the patient seeks treatment after 12 months of injury and pedicled muscle transfers are required. Most commonly, the latissimus dorsi or the Steindler flexorplasty is used. Material and Methods: We have transferred one of the heads of triceps muscle to restore the elbow flexion in such cases. In addition to return of elbow flexion, extension of elbow following surgery is retained. Ten patients suffering from upper brachial plexus injuries underwent transfer of one head of triceps to biceps tendon between December 2011 and August 2015. Results: The recovery of elbow flexion was Grade 5 in 1, Grade 4 in 4 and Grade 3 in 2; only three of the ten patients had no functionally useful elbow flexion. Seven of the ten patients had an adequate elbow extension following the procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijps.ijps_225_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T12:33:39Z","timestamp":1496666019000},"page":"035-042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Triceps to biceps transfer for restoration of elbow flexion following upper brachial plexus injury"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Pothula Durga Prasada","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rayidi Venkata Koteswara","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Srikanth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-1","first-page":"S15","volume-title":"Restoration of elbow function in severe brachial plexus paralysis via muscle transfers","author":"Vekris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-2","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Functional restoration of elbow flexion in brachial plexus injuries: Results in 167 patients (excluding obstetric brachial plexus injury)","author":"Chuang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-3","first-page":"232","volume-title":"Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of ulnar nerve for C5-C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus: Anatomical study and report of four cases","author":"Oberlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-4","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Tendon transfers to restore elbow flexion after traumatic paralysis of the brachial plexus in adults","author":"Rostoucher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-5","first-page":"E8","volume-title":"Gracilis free muscle transfer for restoration of function after complete brachial plexus avulsion","author":"Barrie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-6","first-page":"897","volume-title":"Complete muscle transposition","author":"Schottstaedt","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-7","first-page":"260","volume-title":"Tendon transplantation in the upper extremity","author":"Steindler","year":"1939","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-8","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Reconstruction of biceps brachii by pectoral muscle transplantation","author":"Clark","year":"1946","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-9","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Pectoral transplantation for paralysis of the flexors of the elbow; a new technique","author":"Brooks","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-10","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Triceps transfer to restore elbow flexion.A study of fifteen patients with paralytic lesions and arthrogryposis","author":"Carroll","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-11","first-page":"1839","volume-title":"Surgical anatomy of the triceps brachii tendon: Anatomical study and clinical correlation","author":"Madsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-12","unstructured":"Moursy M, Cafaltzis K, Eisermann S, Lehmann LJ. Latissimus dorsi transfer: L'Episcopo versus Herzberg technique. Acta Orthop Belg 2012;78:296-303. De Smet L. Bipolar latissimus dorsi flap transfer for reconstruction of the deltoid. Acta Orthop Belg 2009;75:32-6."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-13","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Bipolar latissimus transfer for restoration of elbow flexion","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-14","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Restoration of elbow function with pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap transfer","author":"Kawamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-15","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Elbow flexion restoration using pedicled latissimus dorsi transfer in seven cases","author":"Cambon-Binder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-16","first-page":"126","volume-title":"Pectoralis major muscle transfer for reconstruction of elbow flexion in posttraumatic brachial plexus lesions","author":"Hierner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-17","first-page":"775","volume-title":"Experiences with the Steindler flexorplasty at the elbow","author":"Mayer","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-18","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Steindler flexorplasty to restore elbow flexion in C5-C6-C7 brachial plexus palsy type","author":"Monreal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-19","first-page":"409","volume-title":"Muscle transfer from triceps to biceps in patients with chronic injury of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus","author":"Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-20","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Reconstruction of elbow flexion by transposition of pedicled long head of triceps brachii muscle","author":"Haninec","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Chir Plast"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-21","first-page":"45e","volume-title":"Long head of the triceps transfer for elbow flexion","author":"Naidu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.207533-22","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Compartmentalization in the triceps brachii motoneuron nucleus and its relation to muscle architecture","author":"Lucas-Osma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/ijps.IJPS_225_16.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T23:29:22Z","timestamp":1567553362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/ijps.IJPS_225_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijps.ijps_225_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-0358","1998-376X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-0358","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-376X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}