{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:17:42Z","timestamp":1788016662388,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Child-to-parent aggression is a public health issue in the communities. The aim of this study was to validation of 10-item questionnaire of child-to-parent aggression (CPA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The standard guideline of World Health Organization was applied for validation of the original CPA questionnaire (CPAQ). The face validity index (FVI), content validity index (CVI), and content validity ratio (CVR) were assessed. We applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel 8.80. To evaluate the reliability, Cronbach\u2019s alpha and internal consistency coefficient (ICC) were calculated. In total, 258 adolescents of 12-18 years, filled out the Persian CPAQ, and their parents filled out Persian socioeconomic status (SES) questionnaire. The regression analysis via SPSS 16.0 was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Cronbach\u2019s alpha was 0.83. The ICC was 0.812 and 0.879 for aggression questionnaire against fathers and mothers, respectively. The prevalence of psychological violence against mother or father was 77.1% and was 13.2% for physical violence in all participants. The rates of severe psychological and physical violence were 15.5% and 3.9%, respectively. In regression analysis, boys were 89% more likely to perpetrate severe physical aggression toward at least one of parents than girls (95%CI: 0.14-0.89). Daughters committed meaningfully more psychological (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004) and physical violence (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.041) against mothers than fathers. SES was significantly related to psychological violence toward both parents (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.025).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The Persian version of CPA tool had acceptable validity and reliability and can be used for screening. The high prevalence of children\u2019s and adolescent\u2019s aggression against their parents calls for action to plan for educational consulting interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T15:00:08Z","timestamp":1788015608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Persian Version of Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire and the Prevalence of Child to Parent Aggression in North West of Iran"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Zakaria","family":"Pezeshki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577757","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.577757","article-title":"A systematic review of youth-to-parent aggression: Conceptualization, typologies, and instruments","volume":"11","author":"Ibabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R2-20260829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604956","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.604956","article-title":"Assessing child-to-parent violence with the child-to-parent violence questionnaire, parents' version (CPV-QP): Factor structure, prevalence, and reasons","volume":"11","author":"Contreras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R3-20260829","first-page":"30","article-title":"Economic stress and family aggression","volume":"25","author":"Margolin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"R4-20260829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584372","article-title":"Adolescent-to-parent abuse as a form of \"domestic violence\" a conceptual review","volume":"17","author":"Holt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"R5-20260829","first-page":"220","article-title":"Theoretical framework and explanatory factors for child-to-parent violence. 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