{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:45:13Z","timestamp":1787071513079,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. The use of high-fat diet is a modifiable risk factor for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet on the progression of MS in a validated animal model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Adult Wistar rats (N = 10\/group) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) standard diet, (2) high-fat diet, (3) and (4) standard and high-fat diet for 45 days, followed by induction of experimental encephalomyelitis. Animals were evaluated for clinical symptoms of MS and biochemical tests, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low- and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), fibrinogen, interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Tissue samples were subjected to neuropathological evaluation. The analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The high-fat diet increased the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease, INF-\u03b3 (approximately 1.5 folds), IL-17 levels (approximately 3 folds), lymphocyte proliferation, TG (approximately 40 folds), TC (approximately 80 folds), LDL-C (approximately 14 folds), and fibrinogen levels (approximately 100 folds), but HDL-C (approximately 40 folds) was decreased (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) in the affected MS group compared to standard diet.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n This study demonstrates that a high-fat diet significantly worsens clinical and immunological outcomes in an animal model of MS. The elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17, suggests that dietary fat may promote an inflammatory environment that accelerates disease progression. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_152_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T15:00:15Z","timestamp":1764255615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Fat Diet Exacerbates Neuroinflammation and Disease Severity in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shahsanam","family":"Gheibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masood","family":"YahyaZadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 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