{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:36Z","timestamp":1787764956113,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are associated with serious maternal and neonatal health consequences. The literature review reveals a research gap regarding the seroprevalence of HSV-2 and VZV among women of reproductive age in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. The present study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of these viruses among a group of women in Mashhad, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sera were collected by health center personnel using a cluster sampling method from healthy women with specific age characteristics residing in three distinct socioeconomic regions of the city. The participants, aged 20\u201335, were divided into three groups (20\u201325, 26\u201330, and 31\u201335 years). The levels of VZV and HSV-2 IgG antibodies were evaluated using commercial ELISA kits. Subsequently, the results were analyzed using SPSS software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 93 women were included in the study. Anti-HSV-2 IgG antibody was detected in 3 out of 93 participants (7.5%), while anti-VZV IgG antibody was found positive in 80 out of 93 individuals (83.3%). The HSV-2 positive cases were concurrently positive for the VZV antibody. There was no significant difference in the positivity of anti-HSV-2 and anti-VZV antibody positivity within age groups or socioeconomic status (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high seroprevalence of VZV among nonvaccinated participants indicates a widespread presence of the virus and underscores its potentially serious impact on community health. Therefore, it is recommended that a VZV vaccination program be considered by the health system. Furthermore, the reactivation of latent HSV-2, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, during pregnancy should not be disregarded as a life-threatening threat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_239_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T03:00:10Z","timestamp":1701745210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Seroprevalence of VZV and HSV-2 Antibodies among Women of Childbearing Age Referring to Health Centres of Mashhad, Iran: The Need for Consideration of VZV Vaccination Program"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Masoud","family":"Youssefi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Zahedi Avval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Ghasabzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Student, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Khadem-Rezaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","first-page":"990","article-title":"Prevalence of herpes simplex types 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, immunoglobulin G antibodies among female university students in Syria","volume":"33","author":"Barah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.1.172","article-title":"Maternal virus load during pregnancy and mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: The French perinatal cohort studies. serogest cohort group","volume":"175","author":"Mayaux","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu050","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of herpes simplex virus","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/385697","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy","author":"Straface","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5587","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital herpes simplex virus infection: A literature review","volume":"40","author":"Fa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e31823983ec","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus and pregnancy: A review of the management of antenatal and peripartum herpes infections","volume":"66","author":"Westhoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181646d95","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: A case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Caviness","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.420","article-title":"Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among symptomatic and asymptomatic persons with HSV-2 infection","volume":"305","author":"Tronstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.16776","article-title":"Serologic screening for genital herpes infection: Us preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"316","author":"Bibbins-Domingo","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23917","article-title":"Early collection of saliva specimens from bell's palsy patients: Quantitative analysis of HHV-6, HSV-1, and VZV","volume":"86","author":"Turriziani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.03.052","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus: A common cause of stroke in children and adults","volume":"25","author":"Amlie-Lefond","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0534-4","article-title":"The relationship between herpes zoster and stroke","volume":"15","author":"Nagel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182255727","article-title":"Prognostic factors in herpes zoster oticus (ramsay hunt syndrome)","volume":"32","author":"Coulson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000433","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2019-000433","article-title":"Management of varicella in neonates and infants","volume":"3","author":"Blumental","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"R15-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.01.009","article-title":"Varicella zoster in pregnancy","volume":"258","author":"Nanthakumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1086\/338832","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus pneumonia in pregnant women","volume":"185","author":"Harger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200508","article-title":"Congenital varicella-zoster virus infection after maternal subclinical infection: Clinical and neuropathological findings","volume":"21","author":"Mustonen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"R18-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02983.x","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) infection in pregnancy","volume":"118","author":"Lamont","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R19-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35190-8","article-title":"MATERNAL FETAL MEDICINE COMMITTEE. Management of varicella infection (chickenpox) in pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Shrim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"R20-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100615","article-title":"Congenital varicella syndrome: The evidence for secondary prevention with varicella-zoster immune globulin","volume":"183","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R21-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/095646240101200103","article-title":"Genital herpes in pregnancy: Is screening cost-effective?","volume":"12","author":"Qutub","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R22-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1332802","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal herpes simplex virus infections","volume":"30","author":"Pinninti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"R23-20240830","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in persons aged 14-49: United States, 2015-2016","volume":"X","author":"McQuillan","year":"2018","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"R24-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114989","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114989","article-title":"Global estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in 2012","volume":"10","author":"Looker","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R25-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1086\/343739","article-title":"Age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: A global review","volume":"186","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R26-20240830","first-page":"53","article-title":"The prevalence of HSV2 antibodies in Blood Transfusion Department (2002) from university of medical sciences","volume":"10","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Kerman Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R27-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-S1-P88","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of infection with Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV2) among asymptomatic students attending Islamic Azad University of Kazeroun, southwest of Iran","volume":"7","author":"Tayyebi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"R28-20240830","first-page":"189","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"1","author":"KASRAIAN","year":"2004"},{"key":"R29-20240830","first-page":"243","article-title":"A survey on herpes simplex type 2 antibody among pregnant women in Isfahan, Iran","volume":"15","author":"Shahraki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"R30-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.10.615","article-title":"The prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Iran: A meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Malary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"R31-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001546","article-title":"A systematic review of varicella seroprevalence in European countries before universal childhood immunization: Deriving incidence from seroprevalence data","volume":"145","author":"Bollaerts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R32-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4233-7","article-title":"Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of varicella-zoster virus infection in Chinese Children","volume":"19","author":"Luan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R33-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.055","article-title":"Varicella in Europe-A review of the epidemiology and experience with vaccination","volume":"33","author":"Helmuth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R34-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.12.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"87","author":"Amjadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R35-20240830","first-page":"372","article-title":"Varicella immunity in Iran: An age-stratified systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Allami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"R36-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2019.0090","article-title":"Mother-to-child transfer of reactivated varicella-zoster virus DNA and varicella-zoster IgG in Pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"Ranjan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"R37-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S176383","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus vaccines: An update","volume":"8","author":"Gabutti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther"},{"key":"R38-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1546525","article-title":"Global impact of varicella vaccination programs","volume":"15","author":"Varela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_239_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:52:39Z","timestamp":1787763159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_239_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_239_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-7802","2008-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-7802","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-17","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}