{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:26:23Z","timestamp":1787840783059,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important and preventable cause of intellectual disability. This study determined the incidence of CH and its related factors in Semnan city in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All neonates born in Semnan from 2011 to 2016 who participated in a screening program for CH were evaluated to estimate the incidence of CH. In a nested case-control study, all diagnosed CH cases were compared with a control group of healthy newborns. Statistical analysis used conditional logistic regression model with STATA-14.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      106 out of 17,507 neonates born in Semnan during 2011\u20132016 were diagnosed with CH (6.05 cases per 1,000 live births). Maternal parity (odds ratio [OR] =1.78,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.044), birth weight (OR = 0.29,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), parental history of thyroid disease (OR = 3.43,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), father's education (OR = 0.71,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003), father's occupation (nonworker) (OR = 2.97,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), and the presence of other anomalies (OR = 4.14,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.037) were related to the incidence of CH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cumulative incidence of CH in Semnan was higher than in both the global and national statistics. Aside from well-known medical determinants, some important social factors such as father's occupation and education have a significant and independent relationship with occurrence of CH; rational attention should be given to them in health care programs to increase the effectiveness of preventative measures for CH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T08:42:26Z","timestamp":1716885746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Congenital Hypothyroidism and its Related Factors in an Iranian Population: A Retrospective Study in Semnan (2011\u20132016)"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Soraya","family":"Doustmohamadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Mehrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Naser","family":"Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Mirmohammadkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250812","first-page":"103","article-title":"Investigation of the risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism in the newborns in Kurdistan Province","volume":"17","author":"Esmailnasab","year":"2012","journal-title":"SJKU"},{"key":"R2-20250812","first-page":"265","article-title":"Comparison of urine and milk iodine concentration among congenitally hypothyroid neonates and their mothers and a control group","volume":"11","author":"Nasri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R3-20250812","first-page":"63","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2008","volume":"21","author":"Akha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R4-20250812","first-page":"261","article-title":"Effect of diagnostic and treatment factors on growth development of children with congenital hypothyroidism: A prospective longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Hashemipour","year":"2015","journal-title":"IJEM"},{"key":"R5-20250812","first-page":"46","article-title":"The study of prevalence and risk factors of hypothyroidism in newborn screening program in Sanandaj city in 2009-2014","volume":"15","author":"Abedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zanco J Med Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R6-20250812","first-page":"8","article-title":"Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"5","author":"B\u00fcy\u00fckgebiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"R7-20250812","first-page":"293","article-title":"Parental consanguinity: A probable cause for the high incidence of permanent neonatal hypothyroidism","volume":"5","author":"Ordookhani","year":"2003","journal-title":"IJEM"},{"key":"R8-20250812","first-page":"135","article-title":"Neonatal hypothyroidism and its related factors in infants born in Yazd Province during the years 2013 to 2014","volume":"15","author":"Shojaeefar","year":"2017","journal-title":"TB"},{"key":"R9-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00716-1","article-title":"Neonatal biochemical screening for disease","volume":"315","author":"Clague","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"R10-20250812","first-page":"34","article-title":"The evaluate prevalence growth disorders of weight, height and head circumference first 5 years of life in children with congenital hypothyroidism city of Yazd in 2014","volume":"23","author":"Lotfi","year":"2016","journal-title":"RJMS"},{"key":"R11-20250812","first-page":"735","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism: A review of the risk factors","author":"Dalili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Medica Iranica"},{"key":"R12-20250812","first-page":"191","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in South Khorasan province (2006-2010)","volume":"19","author":"Namakin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Birjand Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R13-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13946","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.13946","article-title":"Gender differences in risk factors of congenital hypothyroidism: An interaction hypothesis examination","volume":"12","author":"Rezaeian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R14-20250812","first-page":"151","article-title":"Risk factors of congenital hypothyroidism using propensity score: A matched case-control study","volume":"13","author":"Rezaeian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"R15-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34500","DOI":"10.17795\/compreped-34500","article-title":"Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in a university hospital in Tehran, Iran","volume":"7","author":"Najafian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Compr Ped"},{"key":"R16-20250812","first-page":"8951","article-title":"Investigation of the risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism in Iran: A population-based case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Baridkazemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R17-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0527","article-title":"Random variability in congenital hypothyroidism from thyroid dysgenesis over 16 years in Quebec","volume":"92","author":"Deladoe\u00eby","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R18-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2007.03.012","article-title":"Increase in congenital hypothyroidism in New York state and in the United States","volume":"91","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"R19-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000369394","article-title":"Multiple factors influencing the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening","volume":"83","author":"Olivieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediat"},{"key":"R20-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2017-0361","article-title":"Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in China: Data from the national newborn screening program, 2013\u20132015","volume":"31","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R21-20250812","first-page":"154","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Northern border region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"54","author":"Alenazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R22-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1975D","article-title":"Trends in incidence rates of congenital hypothyroidism related to select demographic factors: Data from the United States, California, Massachusetts, New York, and Texas","volume":"125","author":"Hinton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R23-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200007)62:1<36::AID-TERA8>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism: An investigation of infant's birth weight, ethnicity, and gender in California, 1990\u20131998","volume":"62","author":"Waller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"R24-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211926","article-title":"Epidemiology of congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"105","author":"Klett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"R25-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2016021","article-title":"The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism and its determinants from 2012 to 2014 in Shadegan, Iran","volume":"38","author":"Keshavarzian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"R26-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6689","DOI":"10.19082\/6689","article-title":"A 7-year study on the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in northern Iran","volume":"10","author":"Beheshti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"R27-20250812","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial distribution of congenital hypothyroidism in Iran using geographic information system","volume":"5","author":"Osooli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R28-20250812","first-page":"e38256","article-title":"Permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in Hamadan West Province of Iran. Int J Endocrinol Metab","volume":"14","author":"Razavi","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_254_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:28:54Z","timestamp":1787837334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_254_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-7802","2008-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-7802","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}