{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:18:32Z","timestamp":1787847512326,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to analyze the content of Iran\u2019s television (TV) food advertisements directed at children in 2020.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n All the programs broadcast on Channel II TV were downloaded for one week; however, only children\u2019s programs were analyzed. The validated protocol was used to analyze the content of the advertisements. In addition, compliance of food advertisements with Iran\u2019s, World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO EMR), and International Network for Food and Obesity\/Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) standards was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 761 TV advertisements targeted children on channel II. \u201cFood products\u201d were the most frequent advertisements (41.7%). \u201cDesserts and sweets\u201d were the most advertised food products (46%), followed by \u201ccondiments\u201d and \u201cdairy products\u201d (20.5% and 11.7%, respectively). \u201cStimulation of appetite\u201d and \u201chigh quality\/careful preparation\u201d were the most frequent appeals for advertisements directed at children. \u201cAnimation\/Company-owned character(s)\u201d was the most frequent advertising strategy. Most food advertisements adhered to Iran\u2019s regulations; however, according to the WHO EMR and INFORMAS, most food advertisements have not met advertising standards. Present research revealed that food products were a prominent part of other advertisements on children\u2019s TV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Children were predominantly exposed to foods high in fat, salt, and sugar, and the share of unhealthy food advertisements, such as desserts, sweets, fast foods, fats, and sugared drinks, was significant. Regarding the high violation rate of the advertising regulations, a more careful audit of commercials targeting children is highly recommended.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_274_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T21:00:10Z","timestamp":1780261210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Television (TV) Food Commercials Target Children: A Content Analysis of TV Food Advertisements in Iran"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Amini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrnoosh","family":"Shafaatdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delaram","family":"Ghodsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohadese","family":"Borazjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Aghayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Shariatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396318666220801093225","article-title":"Childhood obesity: An updated review","volume":"20","author":"Leung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"R4-20260531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-022-00344-4","article-title":"Childhood obesity risk increases with increased screen time: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Coronel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"R5-20260531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-022-01761-4","article-title":"Screen time increases overweight and obesity risk among adolescents: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Haghjoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"key":"R6-20260531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268364","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1268364","article-title":"Psychosocial and environmental risk factors of obesity and hypertension in children and adolescents-A literature overview","volume":"10","author":"W\u00f3jcik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"R7-20260531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12929","article-title":"Media food marketing and eating outcomes among pre-adolescents and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Qutteina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"R8-20260531","first-page":"209","article-title":"Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food marketing to children","volume":"62","author":"Cairns","year":"2013","journal-title":"A retrospective summary. 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