{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:33:49Z","timestamp":1793352829301,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, and glucosuria. \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of humans and other mammals. GABA acts on two different receptors, which are GABA-\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      and GABA-\n                      <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Pancreatic \u03b2-cells synthesize GABA from glutamic acid by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to explore the potential role of pancreatic GABA on glycemic indices in DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence from experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies are evaluated for bidirectional relationships between pancreatic GABA and blood glucose disorders. A multiplicity of search strategies took on and assumed included electronic database searches of Medline and Pubmed using MeSH terms, keywords and title words during the search.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pancreatic GABA signaling system has a role in the regulation of pancreatic hormone secretions, inhibition of immune response, improve \u03b2-cells survival, and change \u03b1 cell into \u03b2-cell. Moreover, a GABA agonist improves the antidiabetic effects of metformin. In addition, benzodiazepine receptor agonists improve pancreatic \u03b2-cell functions through GABA dependent pathway or through modulation of pancreatic adenosine and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pancreatic GABA improves islet cell function, glucose homeostasis, and autoimmunity in DM. Orally administered GABA is safe for humans, and acts on peripheral GABA receptors and represents a new therapeutic modality for both T1DM and T2DM. Besides, GABA-\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor agonist like benzodiazepines improves pancreatic \u03b2-cell function and insulin sensitivity through activation of GABA-\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_278_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T08:29:49Z","timestamp":1716884989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Potential Role of Pancreatic \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Diabetes Mellitus: A Critical Reappraisal"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hayder M.","family":"Al-Kuraishy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawar R.","family":"Hussian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa S.","family":"Al-Naimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Al-Gareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, P.O. 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