{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:27:00Z","timestamp":1787840820350,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the increasing prevalence of adolescent smoking in recent years, this study proposes a machine learning (ML) approach for distinguishing adolescents who are prone to start smoking and those who do not directly confess to smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used two repeated measures cross-sectional studies, including data from 7940 individuals as distinct training and test datasets. Utilizing the randomized least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (LASSO), the most influential factors were selected. We then investigated the performance of different ML approaches for the automatic classification of students into smoker\/nonsmoker and low-risk\/high-risk categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized LASSO feature selection prioritized 15 factors, including peer influence, risky behaviors, attitude and school policy toward smoking, family factors, depression, and sex as the most influential factors in smoking. Applying different ML approaches to the three study plans yielded an AUC of up to 0.92, sensitivity of up to 0.88, PPV of up to 0.72, specificity of up to 0.98, and NPV of up to 0.99.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed the capability of our ML approach to distinguish between classes of smokers and nonsmokers. This model can be used as a brief screening tool for automated prediction of individuals susceptible to smoking for more precise preventive intervention plans focusing on adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T12:00:59Z","timestamp":1745496059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine Learning Helps in Prediction of Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Roohafza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elahe","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Omidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Province Health Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Sehhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Vaez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250825","year":"2019","journal-title":"WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2019:Offer Help to quit tobacco use World Health Organization"},{"key":"R2-20250825","article-title":"Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation","volume":"2019","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Revi"},{"key":"R3-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.29024\/aogh.2362","article-title":"Tobacco use worldwide:Legislative efforts to curb consumption","volume":"84","author":"Perez-Warnisher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"R4-20250825","first-page":"868","article-title":"Tobacco use by youth:A surveillance report from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey project","volume":"78","author":"Warren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R5-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2017.09.011","article-title":"Smoking prevention in children and adolescents:A systematic review of individualized interventions","volume":"101","author":"Duncan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"R6-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2014.12.003","article-title":"Smoking motivators are different among cigarette and waterpipe smokers:The results of ITUPP","volume":"5","author":"Roohafza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"R7-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/1462220031000118568","article-title":"Predictors of susceptibility to smoking and ever smoking:A longitudinal study in a triethnic sample of adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Gritz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"R8-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182170","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/182170","article-title":"Methodology of Isfahan tobacco use prevention program:First phase","volume":"2013","author":"Roohafza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Prev Med"},{"key":"R9-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2346","article-title":"Validity of brief screening instrument for adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and drug use","volume":"133","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R10-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.02.007","article-title":"A brief patient self-administered substance use screening tool for primary care:Two-site validation study of the Substance Use Brief Screen (SUBS)","volume":"12","author":"McNeely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R11-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0317","article-title":"Performance of the tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use (TAPS) tool for substance use screening in primary care patients","volume":"165","author":"McNeely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R12-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu254","article-title":"Predictive validity of the expanded susceptibility to smoke index","volume":"17","author":"Strong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"R13-20250825","first-page":"95","article-title":"Measurement and predictive value of susceptibility to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and hookah among Texas adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Carey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"},{"key":"R14-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.5.355","article-title":"Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Pierce","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"R15-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20173701","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3701","article-title":"A tool to identify adolescents at risk of cigarette smoking initiation","volume":"142","author":"Sylvestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R16-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20182298","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2298","article-title":"Screening tools for who will start smoking and the future of clinical prediction","volume":"142","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R17-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.26719\/2018.24.8.714","article-title":"Factors associated with smoking contemplation and maintenance among Iranian adolescents","volume":"24","author":"Roohafza","year":"2018","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"R18-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2014.11.013","article-title":"Stable feature selection for clinical prediction:Exploiting ICD tree structure using Tree-Lasso","volume":"53","author":"Kamkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"R19-20250825","article-title":"Pattern Classification","author":"Duda","year":"2012","journal-title":"John Wiley and Sons"},{"key":"R20-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J R Statist Soc B"},{"key":"R21-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x","article-title":"Stability selection","volume":"72","author":"Meinshausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J R Statist Soc B"},{"key":"R22-20250825","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feature selection using lasso VU Amsterdam Research Paper in Business Analytics","author":"Fonti","year":"2017"},{"key":"R23-20250825","article-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"John Wiley &Sons"},{"key":"R24-20250825","first-page":"1565","article-title":"What is a support vector machine?Nat Biotechnol","volume":"24","author":"Noble","year":"2006"},{"key":"R25-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1108\/03684921311295547","article-title":"Boosting:Foundations and Algorithms","author":"Schapire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"R26-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2013.00021","article-title":"Gradient boosting machines, a tutorial","volume":"7","author":"Natekin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurorobot"},{"key":"R27-20250825","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn:Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"R28-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132014000600007","article-title":"Correlates of experimentation with smoking and current cigarette consumption among adolescents","volume":"40","author":"Bonilha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"R29-20250825","first-page":"e0129628","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for cigarette use in young adolescents in a school setting:What could be done better?PloS One","volume":"10","author":"Dahlui","year":"2015"},{"key":"R30-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsg040","article-title":"Psychosocial risk factors for tobacco use among adolescents with asthma","volume":"28","author":"Tercyak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"R31-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01090.x","article-title":"Psychosocial predictors of smoking trajectories during middle and high school","volume":"100","author":"Abroms","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"R32-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0467","article-title":"A risk prediction model for smoking experimentation in Mexican American youth","volume":"23","author":"Talluri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomarkers"},{"key":"R33-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2007.37.6.872","article-title":"A study of factors that influence Internet addiction, smoking, and drinking in high school students","volume":"37","author":"June","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Nurs"},{"key":"R34-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.11.005","article-title":"Self-esteem and resilience:The connection with risky behavior among adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Veselska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"R35-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90054-T","article-title":"Early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in a cohort of young adults","volume":"33","author":"Breslau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:29:32Z","timestamp":1787837372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-7802","2008-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-7802","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-15","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}