{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:45:12Z","timestamp":1787071512830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene play a significant role in the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Recognition of these polymorphisms is a crucial aspect of TB treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of VDR gene polymorphisms on TB susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This research encompassed studies from 2010 to 2023. The synthesis and integration of data, along with meta-analysis and qualitative heterogeneity investigation, were conducted using a documentation table. STATA 14 software was employed for meta-analysis, utilizing both the fixed and random effects models. To assess data heterogeneity, the Q test (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.10) with the chi-square \u03c72 distribution at the 95% confidence level was employed. Two-sided statistical tests were conducted with\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The highest pooled OR of genotype polymorphism of the VDR gene was associated with the FF (OR: 1.165, 95% CI; 0.953- 1.424), TT (OR: 1.163, 95% CI; 1.018- 1.329), Tt (95% CI: 0.768-1.095) and tt (95% CI: 0.594-1.416) each one OR: 0.917, Ff (OR: 0.888, 95% CI; 0.699- 1.130, weight: 100.00) and ff (OR: 0.648, 95% CI; 0.418- 1.006, weight: 100.00), respectively. The statistical difference between case and control groups was found to be significant in terms of TT genotype (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.026). A statistically significant difference was observed between individuals (Along with the polymorphism of VDR genes) with and without pulmonary TB.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The FF and TT genotypes exhibited the highest prevalence of polymorphism.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_322_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T15:00:09Z","timestamp":1764255609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Prevalence of Polymorphism in Vitamin D Receptor Genes and its Correlation with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Global Population (2010\u20132023): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Firouzjahai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdie","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak","family":"Sabaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radmehr","family":"Nozari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Rouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ranaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Ahmadnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Babazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh Ahmadi","family":"Goorji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afra","family":"Hosseinpanahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Diseases and Allergy Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251127","first-page":"14","article-title":"The study of the association between vitamin D receptor common genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"16","author":"Tajik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Razi J Med Sci"},{"key":"R2-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.131","article-title":"ESX secretion systems:Mycobacterial evolution to counter host immunity","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f6schel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.128","article-title":"Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection","volume":"16","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R5-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040558","article-title":"Vitamin D Status, VDR, and TLR polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis epidemiology in Kazakhstan","volume":"16","author":"Yerezhepov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"R7-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0655","article-title":"Mycobacterium boviss infection and tuberculosis in cattle","volume":"163","author":"Pollock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"R8-20251127","first-page":"22","article-title":"Vitamin D adequacy and improvements of comorbidities in persons with intellectual developmental disabilities","volume":"2","author":"Wimalawansa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"R9-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6569","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15046569","article-title":"Vitamin D:Link between osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes?","volume":"15","author":"C\u00e2ndido","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R10-20251127","first-page":"428","article-title":"VDR and NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis among the Chinese Han population:A case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R11-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04645-6","article-title":"Vitamin D status and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in Saudi children with acute lower respiratory tract infection","volume":"46","author":"Mansy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"R12-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.02.027","article-title":"Meta-analysis on associations between vitamin D receptor genetic variants and tuberculosis","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"R13-20251127","first-page":"78","article-title":"Prevalence and occurrence rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Haarlem family multi-drug resistant in the worldwide population:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ramazanzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"R14-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0335","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010335","article-title":"A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis on Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Iranian women (1986-2015)","volume":"97","author":"Roshani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R15-20251127","first-page":"210","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D receptor gees polymorphisms in people with pulmonary tuberculosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Samimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"R16-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15987","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015987","article-title":"The trim-and-fill method for publication bias:Practical guidelines and recommendations based on a large database of meta-analyses","volume":"98","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R17-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13044-021-00117-x","article-title":"Is Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with increasing risk of thyroid malignancies?A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Abbasgholizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid Res"},{"key":"R18-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2022.9284","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism affecting vitamin D and beta carotene deficiency in tuberculosis patients","volume":"10","author":"Sari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"R19-20251127","first-page":"147","article-title":"Evaluating the role of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on susceptibility to tuberculosis among Iranian patients:A case-control study","volume":"58","author":"Marashian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"R20-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51803-8","article-title":"Association of Fok1 VDR polymorphism with vitamin D and its associated molecules in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their household contacts","volume":"9","author":"Panda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R21-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2014.02.015","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels in Egyptian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"63","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc"},{"key":"R22-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3157","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S407595","article-title":"Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene with tuberculosis and infection of Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist"},{"key":"R23-20251127","first-page":"379","article-title":"ApaI polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor gene and association with susceptibility to tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Rashedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ardabil Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R24-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2011.11.5.253","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene TaqI, BsmI and FokI polymorphisms in Korean patients with tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"R25-20251127","first-page":"7956","article-title":"Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms of VDR (vitamin D receptor) gene in association with susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Romanian population","volume":"18","author":"Alexandra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rom Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"R26-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2014.402","article-title":"Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and haplotypes with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"3","author":"Salimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"key":"R27-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.14238\/pi55.5.2015.263-7","article-title":"Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphisms in children with tuberculosis","volume":"55","author":"Karmila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Indones"},{"key":"R28-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0122","article-title":"Risk and outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis:Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and serum 25 (OH) D","volume":"16","author":"Rathored","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R29-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2015.12.008","article-title":"VDR and VDBP genes polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Han Taiwanese population","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"R30-20251127","first-page":"1","article-title":"The association between vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Marpaung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Sci"},{"key":"R31-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2018.04.005","article-title":"Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis in a Mexican population","volume":"66","author":"Silva-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"R32-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0089","article-title":"SLC11A1 and VDR gene variants and susceptibility to tuberculosis and disease progression in East India","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R33-20251127","first-page":"46","article-title":"Association between FokI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene and susceptibility to spinal tuberculosis in Chinese Han population","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R34-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-04192-x","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia among egyptian children with FokI (rs2228570), not TaqI (rs731236), vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in association with vitamin D deficiency:A case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Pediatrics"},{"key":"R35-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.36655\/njm.v9i1.1199","article-title":"Polimorfisme gen vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI pada multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB)","volume":"9","author":"Sibuea","year":"2023","journal-title":"NJM"},{"key":"R36-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105324","article-title":"Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and second acid-fast bacilli smear-positive during treatment for tuberculosis patients","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"R37-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12127","article-title":"Serum Vitamin D levels and VDR polymorphisms (B sm I and F ok I) in patients and their household contacts susceptible to T uberculosis","volume":"79","author":"Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"R38-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-010-0404-8","article-title":"The association between BsmI variant of vitamin D receptor gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis","volume":"38","author":"Ates","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"R39-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0907-x","article-title":"Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor and toll like receptor-2 polymorphisms in tuberculous meningitis:A case\u2013control study","volume":"44","author":"Rizvi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"R40-20251127","first-page":"32","article-title":"rs10735810 of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene:Association with pulmonary tuberculosis in children","volume":"2","author":"Sulaja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R41-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2298\/GENSR1503021T","article-title":"Variants in VDR and NRAMP1 genes as susceptibility factors for tuberculosis in the population of Serbia","volume":"47","author":"\u0160kodri\u0107-Trifunovi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"R42-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9109.1","article-title":"The frequency distribution of vitamin D Receptor fok I gene polymorphism among Ugandan pulmonary TB patients","volume":"5","author":"Acen","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"R43-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.04.003","article-title":"Influence of Cdx2 and TaqI gene variants on vitamin D3 modulated intracellular chemokine positive T-cell subsets in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"39","author":"Harishankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"R44-20251127","first-page":"778","article-title":"Foki polymorphism, vitamin D receptor gene start codon and its association with tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Asgharzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stud Med Sci"},{"key":"R45-20251127","first-page":"1","article-title":"Is there any impact of VDR gene polymorphism in Bataks Ethnic to have tuberculosis?","volume":"5","author":"Siregar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health Sci"},{"key":"R46-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860628","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/860628","article-title":"NRAMP1 and VDR gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to tuberculosis in Venezuelan population","volume":"2015","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mestre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"R47-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.08.011","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), Fok1 (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in an Iranian population:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"R48-20251127","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Meta-analysis of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis risk","volume":"9","author":"Lewis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R49-20251127","first-page":"15","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms and tuberculosis:Updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R50-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2256","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002256","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism contributes to increasing the risk of tuberculosis:An update meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R51-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104871","article-title":"FokI polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis:Evidence through a meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"R52-20251127","first-page":"264120","article-title":"Frequency distribution of mannose binding lectin-2 and vitamin D receptor gene variants:Putative markers for tuberculosis","volume":"2015","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet Res Int"},{"key":"R53-20251127","first-page":"435","article-title":"Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms (FokI (Rs2228570), ApaI (Rs7975232), BsmI (Rs1544410), and TaqI (Rs731236)) with Gastric Cancer in a Kurdish Population from West of Iran","volume":"9","author":"Hoseinkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rep Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"R54-20251127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2022.2081546","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and vitamin D supplementation on clinical\/treatment outcome in tuberculosis:Current and future perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Sekhar Miraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_322_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:47:14Z","timestamp":1787068034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_322_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":52,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_322_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-7802","2008-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-7802","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}