{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:33Z","timestamp":1787764953792,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem that badly affects oral health and overall quality of life. This study aimed to examine oral health problems and associated factors of type 2 DM patients attending governmental primary health centers (PHCs) in the Gaza strip, Palestine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was applied to 376 patients with type 2 DM selected through systematic random sampling from five randomly selected governmental PHCs. The World Health Organization Decayed, Missing and Filling Tooth (DMFT) index and semistructured questionnaire were used to collect data accordingly. Descriptive and analytical analyses were applied using the using the IBM SPSS for windows version 23, IBM, USA software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean DMFT index is 13.18 \u00b1 6.39, and it is higher among patients having type 2 DM for more than 10 years and with a history of chronic diseases. The mean teeth with loss of attachment are 1.88 \u00b1 0.76 and are higher among males, exsmokers, patients having type 2 DM for more than 10 years, and those with a history of chronic diseases. Gingival bleeding is higher among males and exsmokers. The majority of participants had no periodontitis (160\/376; 42.6%). In return, 8.5% (32\/376) presents with severe periodontitis. The mean of pocket is higher among patients having uncontrolled DM and type 2 DM &lt;10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with type 2 DM suffer from many oral health problems, especially dental caries, periodontitis and loss of attachment. The findings underscore the significance of early intervention and consistent dental care for people with type 2 DM in order to avert and handle oral health complications. Oral health education campaigns that are effective should be customized to meet the particular cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_390_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:00:31Z","timestamp":1753880431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Factors Associated with DMFT and Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Gaza Strip, Palestine"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aesha","family":"Fetaiha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Activity Supervisor, Medical Aids for Palestinians, Gaza Strip, Palestine Dentist"},{"name":"Dentist, Dr. Aesha Fetaiha Dental Clinic, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymen","family":"Elsous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Israa University, Gaza Strip, Palestine"},{"name":"Director of Analysis and Decision Support Department, Unit of Planning and Institutional Performance Development, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Foreign Relations Department, International Cooperation Directorate, Ministry of Health, Gaza Strip, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(Supplement-1)","key":"R2-20250825","first-page":"S1","volume":"44","year":"2021","journal-title":"Introduction:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021. Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R3-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12540","article-title":"Economic and social impact of diabetes mellitus in a low-income country:A case-control study in Sudan","volume":"9","author":"Elrayah-Eliadarous","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"R4-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_579_17","article-title":"Emotional and psychological needs of people with diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Kalra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R5-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i9.485","article-title":"Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Rohani","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"R7-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.03.001","article-title":"Impact of periodontal status on oral health-related quality of life in patients with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Irani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R8-20250825","first-page":"49","article-title":"Oral health status of diabetes mellitus patients in Southwest Cameroon","volume":"38","author":"Bissong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Odontostomatol Trop"},{"key":"R9-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_163_16","article-title":"Evaluation of relationship between dental caries, diabetes mellitus and oral microbiota in diabetics","volume":"22","author":"Latti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R10-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2010.07.001","article-title":"Dental caries in diabetes mellitus:Role of salivary flow rate and minerals","volume":"25","author":"Jawed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"R11-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04339-z","article-title":"Impact of detection criteria on coronal and root caries estimates in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"R12-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.07.004","article-title":"Associations between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases:A review of the inter-relationships and interactions with diabetes, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis","volume":"122","author":"Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"R13-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y","article-title":"Periodontitis and diabetes:A two-way relationship","volume":"55","author":"Preshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R14-20250825","first-page":"124","article-title":"Periodontal health conditions in patients with diabetes in a family medicine unit","volume":"3","author":"Barrientos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Fam Commun Med"},{"key":"R15-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2007.34.5.270","article-title":"Periodontics:2. Risk factors and susceptibility in periodontitis","volume":"34","author":"Irwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"key":"R16-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2337\/ds18-0089","article-title":"Oral health status of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"R17-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1084822316651658","article-title":"Oral health:The oral-systemic health connection","volume":"29","author":"Alpert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Home Health CareManag Pract"},{"key":"R18-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1120-4","article-title":"Does diabetes increase the risk of periodontitis?A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of longitudinal prospective studies","volume":"55","author":"Nascimento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"R20-20250825","first-page":"007","article-title":"DMFT Index of Type 2 diabetic patients attending UNRWA Health Centers in Gaza Governorates","volume":"4","author":"Alqedra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci J Res Dentistry"},{"key":"R21-20250825","author":"Ting","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Oral Health of Rest Home Residents with Dementia (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago)"},{"key":"R22-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2019.12.006","article-title":"Correlation between diabetes mellitus and number of restored, carious lesions and missing teeth:A retrospective radiographic evaluation","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"R23-20250825","first-page":"55","article-title":"Oral health status among convenient sample of Palestinian adults","volume":"65","author":"Kateeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Dental J"},{"key":"R24-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00325.x","article-title":"Root surface and coronal caries in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Hintao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R25-20250825","first-page":"179","article-title":"Diabetes, periodontal diseases, dental caries and tooth loss:A review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Compendium"},{"key":"R26-20250825","first-page":"E256","article-title":"Dental caries in type 1 diabetics:Influence of systemic factors of the disease upon the development of dental caries","volume":"11","author":"Miralles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R27-20250825","first-page":"806","article-title":"Diabetes and oral health:A case control study","volume":"3","author":"Bharateesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"R28-20250825","first-page":"97","article-title":"Problemas bucodentales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (I):Indice de placa y caries dental","volume":"8","author":"Blanco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Oral"},{"key":"R29-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.06.002","article-title":"Dental caries and diabetes:A Belgian survey of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Buysschaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"R30-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1515\/bjdm-2015-0031","article-title":"Dental caries and associated socio-demographic factors in adult people in Bulgaria","volume":"19","author":"Bonev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Balk J Dent Med"},{"key":"R31-20250825","first-page":"938213","article-title":"Caries experience differs between females and males across age groups in Northern Appalachia","author":"Shaffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dent 2015"},{"key":"R32-20250825","first-page":"105","article-title":"Effects of educational attainment on dentition status in socioeconomically deprived population of Karachi","volume":"34","author":"Mohammad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak Oral Dental J"},{"key":"R33-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e016557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016557","article-title":"Association between socio-economic status and dental caries in elderly people in Sichuan province, China:A cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"R34-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.51","article-title":"Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus:A two-way relationship","volume":"3","author":"Grossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"key":"R35-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.3.418","article-title":"Diabetes and periodontal disease:A case-control study","volume":"76","author":"Campus","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R36-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_652_18","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients:A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"R37-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5455\/ijmsph.2013.2.77-83","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus of Bareilly region (India)","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Public Health"},{"key":"R38-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(94)00001-V","article-title":"Initial study of periodontal status in noninsulindependent diabetics in Mauritius","volume":"23","author":"Morton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R39-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060796","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors for periodontal disease among type I and II diabetes mellitus patients:A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Alahmari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R40-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-9626.106815","article-title":"Association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal status in north Indian adults","volume":"2","author":"Pathak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Dent"},{"key":"R41-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082847","article-title":"Glycemic control, inflammatory mediators, and periodontal health:A cross-sectional study in patients with diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Bolchis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R42-20250825","first-page":"67","article-title":"Periodontal disease as a complication in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A hospital-based study in Uttarakhand, India","volume":"1","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"SRHU Med J"},{"key":"R43-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.3610","article-title":"Status of tobacco smoking and diabetes with periodontal disease","volume":"56","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"R44-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.43.202.35971","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus attending Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Uganda","volume":"43","author":"Kiryowa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"R45-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01993-3","article-title":"Relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene and malocclusion among Syrian refugee children and adolescents:A cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Salim","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R46-20250825","first-page":"82","article-title":"Systemic manifestations of periodontitis:Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Loos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"R47-20250825","first-page":"792","article-title":"Age-related changes in periodontal disease in men and women","volume":"81","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R48-20250825","first-page":"1501","article-title":"Risk factors for periodontal disease in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients at Padongko Health Center, Barru Regency (Study Epidemiology)","volume":"11","author":"Masriadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sys Rev Pharm"},{"key":"R49-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0206730","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206730","article-title":"Socio-economic factors associated with periodontal conditions among Brazilian elderly people-Multilevel analysis of the SBSP15 study","volume":"13","author":"Bomfim","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R50-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2021.1212049","article-title":"The impact of severity of periodontal bone loss and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the periodontal clinical parameters of the 2017 world workshop among type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Al-Abdaly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Med"},{"key":"R51-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2001.6.1.125","article-title":"Periodontitis and diabetes interrelationships:Role of inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Iacopino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"key":"R52-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2007.01425.x","article-title":"Update on diabetes mellitus:Prevention, treatment, and association with oral diseases","volume":"14","author":"Skamagas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R53-20250825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050311","article-title":"Gingivitis and periodontitis as antagonistic modulators of gingival perfusion","volume":"77","author":"Rodriguez-Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Periodontol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_390_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:52:19Z","timestamp":1787763139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_390_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_390_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-7802","2008-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-7802","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-13","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}