{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:30:21Z","timestamp":1786739421572,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic hemodialysis is a lifesaving procedure for end-stage renal failure patients who may lead to the transmission of oncogenic viral infections discussed as a major cause of liver disease and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common infections that studied recently. This study aimed to review systematically all available documents on the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HED), hepatitis E virus (HEV), hepatitis G virus (HGV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) in Iranian hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of literature on the prevalence and factors associated with HED, HEV, HGV, HTLV, HIV, and KSHV in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, Emtree, and related equal Persian key words, irrespective of age, date, and language, the main domestic databanks of Barekat, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran-doc, and also international databases of PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and SCOPUS searched. Interest outcome of infection prevalence was confirmed based on reported positive tests of blood samples. Since the studied factors are very numerous and there is even a high heterogeneity in each factor, so the meta-analysis was not performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our search strategy through comprehensive searching, 509 studies were found. From them, 314 articles were from international data bases and others from Iranian data banks. After excluding duplicates and overlapping studies, 41 studies were included in the analysis; 11 studies were relevant to HIV, 10 studies assigned to HEV, and 7 studies belonged to HGV field. The HDV, HTLV1,2, and KSHV were the other research subject areas. The prevalence of HIV, HGV, and HTLV1,2 ranged from 0% to 1.5%, 0% to 24.19%, and 0.6% to 70.4%, respectively, in different provinces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the comprehensive systematic review on oncogenic viral infections prevalence in the Iranian hemodialysis patients. Present findings emphasize on requirement to evidence-based practical intervention for better prevention and control of problem. The findings could be used as a scientific evidence for developing related policies and highlighting the future plan of complementary researches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_458_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T05:46:45Z","timestamp":1578548805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oncogenic Viral Infections Among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nahid","family":"Ramezan Ghorbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Qorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Djalalinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Kazemzadeh Atoofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Tajbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Mansourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armita Mahdavi","family":"Gorabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Asayesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Noroozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250812","first-page":"e37878","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency viruses among hemodialysis patients in Mazandaran province, Iran","volume":"8","author":"Roushan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrourol Mon"},{"key":"R2-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0018","article-title":"Viral hepatitis in hemodialysis: An update","volume":"3","author":"Bernieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Int Med"},{"key":"R3-20250812","first-page":"120","article-title":"Infections in hemodialysis: A concise review. Part II: Blood transmitted viral infections","volume":"15","author":"Eleftheriadis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"R4-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7481","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.7481","article-title":"Frequency and genotype of hepatitis D virus infection in patients infected with HIV and those undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"13","author":"Aghasadeghi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R5-20250812","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection in Iranian hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Djalalinia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R6-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_223_17","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in the Iranian hemodyalisis patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ramezan Ghorbani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"R7-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23633","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.23633","article-title":"Anti-hepatitis e antibody in hemodialysis patients in Isfahan, Iran: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"15","author":"Alavian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R8-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-36","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection in hemodialysis patients: A seroepidemiological survey in Iran","volume":"5","author":"Taremi","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC infect Dis"},{"key":"R9-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i22.5143","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Iran","volume":"22","author":"Taherkhani","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R10-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1323628","article-title":"Clinical features of hepatitis D","volume":"32","author":"Farci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R11-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021550","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021550","article-title":"Hepatitis D Virus Coinfection and Superinfection","volume":"4","author":"Negro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"R12-20250812","first-page":"448","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis delta virus in HIV\/HBV co-infected patients in Shiraz, Iran, 2012","volume":"40","author":"Motamedifar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"R13-20250812","first-page":"57","article-title":"Regional distribution of hepatitis delta virus in Iran: A systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Esmaeilzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"key":"R14-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20834","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.20834","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis G virus among hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients in Khuzestan province, Iran","volume":"8","author":"Samarbaf-Zadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-20250812","first-page":"21","article-title":"Biology of hepatitis G Vvirus: A review","volume":"2","author":"Nasidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sokoto J Med Laborat Sci (Sjmls)"},{"key":"R16-20250812","first-page":"57","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of the human Herpesvirus (HHV-8) in the haemodialysis patients blood donors and HIV-positive individuals in City of Tehran","volume":"4","author":"Ghareh Baghian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J School Public Health Institute Public Health Res"},{"key":"R17-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-6-5","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Iran","volume":"6","author":"Jalilvand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"R18-20250812","first-page":"182","article-title":"HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP): The role of HTLV-I-infected Th1 cells in the pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategy","volume":"47","author":"Nakamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"R19-20250812","first-page":"e14920","article-title":"Oncogenic virus infections in the general population and end-stage renal disease patients with special emphasis on Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) in Northeast of Iran","volume":"8","author":"Ghezeldasht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"R20-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.14429\/djlit.30.458","article-title":"Websites of Central Universities in India: A webometric analysis","volume":"30","author":"Babu","year":"2010","journal-title":"DESIDOC J Library Information Technol"},{"key":"R22-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32971","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.32971","article-title":"Hepatitis viruses B and D and human immunodeficiency virus infections in hemodialysis patients in the South of Iran: Prevalence and genotypes","volume":"16","author":"Bahri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R23-20250812","first-page":"e18322","article-title":"Evaluation of prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis G virus infection among hemodialysis patients referred to Iranian Army Hospitals in Tehran during 2012-2013","volume":"15","author":"Dadmanesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R24-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26260","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.15(5)2015.26260","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis e among hemodialysis patients: A report from Hamadan, Iran","volume":"15","author":"Eini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R25-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31359-6","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of isolated anti-HBc antibody and occult hepatitis B infection in hemodialysis patients: A nationwide study","volume":"12","author":"Keyvani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"R26-20250812","first-page":"206","article-title":"Hepatitis B infection in hemodialysis patients in Tehran province, Iran","volume":"9","author":"Mahdavimazdeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R27-20250812","first-page":"36","article-title":"Prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis patients of South Khorasan in comparison With HBV, HDV, HTLV I\/II, And HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"Masood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Med Sci"},{"key":"R28-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.7.608","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in haemodialysis patients in Zanjan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"19","author":"Mobaien","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"R29-20250812","first-page":"31","article-title":"Risk factors for hepatitis C virus among high-risk populations (Intravenous drug addicts and patients with Thalassemia, Hemophilia, hemodialysis) in Mazandaran","volume":"20","author":"Rafiei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R30-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.5969","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses B, C, D and HIV infection among hemodialysis patients in Kerman province, South-East Iran","volume":"12","author":"Zahedi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R31-20250812","first-page":"232","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection in hemodialysis patients: A seroepidemiological survey in Jahrom, Southern Iran","volume":"2009","author":"Morteza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R32-20250812","first-page":"e6993","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in patients on chronic hemodialysis","volume":"7","author":"Mousavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"R33-20250812","first-page":"110","article-title":"A study of HDV in HBsAg positive patients in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran","volume":"2010","author":"SirusJedary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R34-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2010.00437.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Iran: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Alavian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"R35-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-007-9267-x","article-title":"Hepatitis G virus exposure in dialysis patients","volume":"39","author":"Eslamifar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"R36-20250812","first-page":"e40375","article-title":"Hepatitis C and G virus infection prevalence among hemodialysis patients and associated risk factors in the Hormozgan province of Southern Iran","volume":"16","author":"Kheirabad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"R37-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6257","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR12.575","article-title":"Molecular evaluation of hepatitis G virus and hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic renal failure in Iran","volume":"6","author":"Mohsenzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"R38-20250812","first-page":"151","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis G serologic markers in hemodialysis patients hemophilia mashhad","volume":"58","author":"Mojahedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical School J Mashhad Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"R39-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13122","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.13122","article-title":"GB virus C viremia and anti-E2 antibody response among hemodialysis patients in Gorgan, Iran","volume":"7","author":"Kelishadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"R40-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02711-0","article-title":"Prevalence of HBV and HCV dual infection in patients on haemodialysis","volume":"23","author":"Reddy GA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R41-20250812","first-page":"323","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-hepatitis E antibody in hemodialysis patients in Tabriz in 2014","volume":"9","author":"Khoshbaten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pajohandeh J"},{"key":"R42-20250812","first-page":"838","article-title":"Survey of the seroprovalence of HTLV I\/II in hemodialysis patients and blood donors in Urmia","volume":"19","author":"Khameneh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"R43-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.106724","article-title":"Serological investigation for hepatitis E virus infection in the patients with chronic maintenance hemodialysis from southwest of Iran","volume":"7","author":"Zekavat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"R44-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0484-y","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"18","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"R45-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198801283180405","article-title":"Infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I in patients with leukemia","volume":"318","author":"Minamoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R46-20250812","first-page":"37","article-title":"The epidemiology of HTLV-I infection","volume":"2","author":"Mueller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"R47-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38965-8_2","article-title":"Epidemiology of virus infection and human cancer","volume":"193","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"R48-20250812","first-page":"253","article-title":"Educational intervention on breast self-examination behavior in women referred to health centers: Application of health belief model","volume":"18","author":"Khiyali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R49-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000071","article-title":"Malignancies in HIV\/AIDS: From epidemiology to therapeutic challenges","volume":"28","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"key":"R50-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005255","article-title":"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) induces the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster and down-regulates TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"R51-20250812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27711","article-title":"Global estimates of cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008","volume":"132","author":"Bray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Preventive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01439446-201910000-00214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:28:49Z","timestamp":1786735729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01439446-201910000-00214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_458_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-7802","2008-8213"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-7802","type":"print"},{"value":"2008-8213","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-25","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}