{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:39:24Z","timestamp":1787071164752,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Indoor air pollution is an important environmental health problem. Nanotechnology is one of the most important methods to reduce the indoor air pollution. Titanium dioxide (TiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is generally accepted as one of the most effective photoinduced catalysts. It is frequently used to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds in the air due to its strong oxidative ability and long-term photostability. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nanotechnology in the purification of ambient air by using Saudi myrtle plants treated with TiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Experiments were conducted in two academic departments of the laboratories at the Public Sector University. Concentration of formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), sulphur dioxide (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and other toxic gases was measured in the environment of the laboratories. Myrtus plant was growing in the growth media which contained TiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . After 8 hours of exposure of the plant, concentration of NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and other toxic pollutant gases in the air was measured. The total duration of the experiment was 4 days.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It was found that the levels of formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other pollutants were significantly reduced the concentration from 10% to 98% in the air. After intervention, air containing the concentration of formaldehyde, TVOCs, NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and carbon monoxide (CO) on the fourth day reduced from 0.251, 401, 0.032, 0.009 and 0.99 to 0.014, 54,0.0003, 0.003 and 0.01 after exposure of Myrtus plant to ambient air.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant reduction of air pollutants in the air after application of TiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the green plant (Myrtus communis). It is a novel approach and economically feasible for purification of indoor air.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_586_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T09:07:10Z","timestamp":1716973630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Purification of Ambient Air by Novel Green Plant with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Khaled F.","family":"Salama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubashir","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.02.011","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in indoor environment and photocatalytic oxidation: State of the art","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"R2-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2008.03.015","article-title":"Multi-step loading of titania on mesoporous silica: Influence of the morphology and the porosity on the catalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants and VOCs","volume":"84","author":"De Witte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Catal B: Environ"},{"key":"R3-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00272-1","article-title":"Indoor air quality and health","volume":"33","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"R4-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.11.024","article-title":"A study of the volatile organic compound emissions at the stacks of laboratory fume hoods in a university campus","volume":"66","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"R5-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2007.12.002","article-title":"An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability: Assessment of the current campus environmental management practices","volume":"16","author":"Alshuwaikhat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"R6-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2005.04.009","article-title":"Measurement of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and O-xylene gas phase photodegradation by titanium dioxides dispersed in cementitious materials using a mixed flow reactor","volume":"61","author":"Strini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Catal B-Environ"},{"key":"R7-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2012.07.001","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 photocatalyst and its applications for environmental purification","volume":"13","author":"Ochiai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev"},{"key":"R8-20250813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crci.2005.02.055","article-title":"Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: Present situation and future approaches","volume":"9","author":"Fujishima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Chimie"},{"key":"R9-20250813","article-title":"Effect of Application Methods on the Effectiveness of Titanium Dioxide as a Photocatalyst Compound to Concrete Pavement. 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