{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:26:12Z","timestamp":1778894772599,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1121,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemolytic disorder; its cerebrovascular complications include silent cerebral ischemia, infarct, and brain atrophy. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often underestimates the extent of injury. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can demonstrate and quantify microstructural brain changes in SCD cases having normal routine MRI. Objective: To identify various neurological abnormalities in asymptomatic sickle cell patients using routine MRI and to evaluate the microstructure of various regions of the brain using DTI. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized case\u2013control study was conducted over a period of 2 years. A total of 58 cases of SCD and 56 age- and sex-matched controls were included. Routine MRI and DTI were performed in both the groups following a standard protocol. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated in certain pre-defined regions. Primary data were analyzed using MS excel version 17. Analysis of variance test was performed and statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: Thirty regions of interest with 60 variables were included in the final analysis. Patients with SCD showed statistically significant reduced FA values, increased ADC values, or both, clustered in several brain areas, including pons, cerebral peduncle, corpus callosum, frontal, temporal, parietal white matter, centrum semiovale, periventricular areas, basal ganglia, and left thalamus (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: DTI is a promising method for characterizing microstructural changes, when conventional MRI is normal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.ijri_166_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T08:24:22Z","timestamp":1538987062000},"page":"305-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Conventional and advanced brain MR imaging in patients with sickle cell anemia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Issar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, J.L.N. Hospital and Research Centre, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Nehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, J.L.N. Hospital and Research Centre, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurmeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, J.L.N. Hospital and Research Centre, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SK","family":"Issar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, J.L.N. Hospital and Research Centre, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-299636","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease is mirrored by the red blood cell metabolism","volume":"117","author":"D Darghouth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1972","article-title":"Magnetic resonance angiography in children with sickle cell disease and abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasonography findings enrolled in the STOP study","volume":"103","author":"M R Abboud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-014-0407-z","article-title":"The screening and morbidity pattern of sickle cell anemia in Chhattisgarh","volume":"31","author":"S Panigrahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"965","article-title":"The spectrum of brain MR abnormalities in sickle-cell disease: A report from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"17","author":"F G Moser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1400","article-title":"Susceptibility-weighted imaging: Technical aspects and clinical applications, part 1","volume":"30","author":"E M Haacke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7404","article-title":"Quantitative brain diffusion-tensor MRI findings in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"198","author":"A Balci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"20439","article-title":"White matter damage in asymptomatic patients with sickle cell anemia: Screening with diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"33","author":"B Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2301021640","article-title":"Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy","volume":"230","author":"S Wakana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130699","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130699","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in sickle cell disease","volume":"87","author":"S C Thust","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.008721","article-title":"White matter damage relates to oxygen saturation in children with sickle cell anemia without silent cerebral infarcts","volume":"46","author":"J M Kawadler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2281020943","article-title":"Brain imaging findings in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"228","author":"R G Steen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3794","article-title":"Evaluation of SWI in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"35","author":"A M Winchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"356","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter: A pictorial review of physics, fiber tract anatomy and tumor imaging patterns","volume":"25","author":"B J Jellison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.8.3014","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"99","author":"C H Pagelow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4101","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal brain morphometry study of children with sickle cell disease","volume":"36","author":"R Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43555","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782","article-title":"The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system: a technical review","volume":"15","author":"C Beaulieu","year":"2002","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and 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